Hamid, Siti Ruqayyah Ab (2018) Synthesis Of Activated Carbon Via Microwave Heating For Dyes Removal. Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
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Abstract
Metilena biru (MB) sebagai pencelup bes dan metanil kuning (MY) sebagai pencelup acid larut di dalam air serta masing-masing menghasilkan ion positif dan ion negatif. Ion-ion ini tertarik kepada bahagian polar pada molekul air secara elektrostatik, lalu mengakibatkan pencelup-pencelup MB dan MY sukar untuk disingkirkan. Oleh itu, kajian ini berusaha untuk menghasilkan karbon teraktif (AC) berasaskan biji durian dan biji nangka untuk menyingkirkan MB dan MY daripada larutan akuas. Karbon teraktif ini dihasilkan melalui teknik pemanasan gelombang mikro bersama pengaktifan fizikimia menggunakan kalium hidroksida (KOH) dan penggasan karbon dioksida (CO2). Kesan faktor-faktor penyediaan karbon teraktif (kuasa radiasi, masa radiasi dan nisbah impregnasi, (IR)), telah dioptimakan dengan menggunakan metodologi permukaan sambutan (RSM) untuk menghasilkan nilai respon yang maksimum (penyingkiran MB, penyingkiran MY dan hasilan karbon teraktif). Karbon teraktif yang di hasilkan didapati mengandungi luas permukaan Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) dan peratusan karbon tetap yang tinggi iaitu 852.30m2/g dan 78.51% untuk karbon teraktif daripada biji durian (DSAC) manakala untuk karbon teraktif daripada biji nangka (JSAC) ialah 715.29m2/g dan 73.94%. Kesan faktor-faktor penyediaan yang optimum ditentukan menjadi (330W, 4.49min dan 0.97 dengan 79.67% penyingkiran MB dan 23.60% hasilan), (355W, 4.15min dan 0.58 dengan 77.68% penyingkiran MB dan 24.40% hasilan), (340W, 4.44min dan 0.94 dengan 78.24% penyingkiran MY dan 23.51% hasilan) dan (370W, 4.10min dan 0.78 dengan 77.24% penyingkiran MY dan 23.67% hasilan) masing-masing untuk system-sistem MB-DSAC, MB-JSAC, MY-DSAC dan MY-JSAC. Kajian garis sesuhu mendapati semua sistem pencelup-penjerap yang dikaji mengikuti model Freundlich manakala kajian kinetik mendapati semua sistem mengikuti model kinetik pseudo-tertib kedua. Kajian mekanisme mendapati semua proses penjerapan dikawal oleh mekanisme resapan filem. Kajian termodinamik mendapati semua sistem penjerapan adalah eksotermik secara semulajadi, rawak dan dikawal oleh proses penjerapan fizikal. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Methylene blue, (MB) as basic dye and metanil yellow (MY) as acid dye dissolved in water to produce negative and positive ions respectively. These ions were electrostatically attracted to the polar side of water molecules, thus making MB and MY difficult to be removed. Therefore, an effort was made to produce activated carbon (AC) from durian seed and jackfruit seed for MB and MY dyes removal from aqueous solution. These ACs were produced by employing microwave irradiation technique as heat treatment and physicochemical activation via potassium hydroxide (KOH) chemical treatment and carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification treatment. The preparation conditions of these ACs (radiation power, radiation time and impregnation ratio, (IR)) were optimized with the help of response surface methodology (RSM) in order to produce maximum value of responses (MB removal, MY removal, and AC’s yield). Durian seed based AC (DSAC) and jackfruit based AC (JSAC) prepared were found to pose relatively high Bruneaur-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area and fixed carbon percentage which were (852.30m2/g and 78.51%) and (715.29m2/g and 73.94%) respectively. Optimum preparation conditions were determined to be (330W, 4.49min and 0.97 with 79.67% of MB removal and 23.60% of yield), (355W, 4.15min and 0.58 with 77.68% of MB removal and 24.40% of yield), (340W, 4.44min and 0.94 with 78.24% of MY removal and 23.51% of yield ) and (370W, 4.10min and 0.78 with 77.24% of MY removal and 23.67% of yield) for MB-DSAC, MB-JSAC, MY-DSAC and MY-JSAC systems respectively. Isotherm studies revealed that all adsorbate-adsorbent systems were best described by Freundlich model whereas kinetic studies revealed that all systems followed pseudo-second order kinetic model. Mechanism studies conducted found that the rate limiting step in adsorption process of all systems were contributed by film diffusion. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that all adsorption systems were exothermic in nature, spontaneous and governed by physisorption.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Additional Information: | Full text is available at http://irplus.eng.usm.my:8080/ir_plus/institutionalPublicationPublicView.action?institutionalItemId=4722 |
| Subjects: | T Technology T Technology > TP Chemical Technology > TP155-156 Chemical engineering |
| Divisions: | Kampus Kejuruteraan (Engineering Campus) > Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia (School of Chemical Engineering) > Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mr Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Jun 2019 08:25 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jun 2019 08:25 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/44671 |
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