Kannan, Suhailiza and Yasmin, Sarliza
(2019)
Genetic basis of supernumerary tooth.
Genetic basis of supernumerary tooth.
(Submitted)
Abstract
Teeth are highly mineralised tissues located at
the entrance of the alimentary tract in both
invertebrates and vertebrates [1]. Teeth are the
elements of dermal skeleton that are present in a
wide range of jawed vertebrates [2]. Though the
main function of teeth is in chewing food, yet,
they are also associated with defence, display of
dominance as well as in the vocalisation in
humans [3]. The human dentition comprises 20
teeth in the primary dentition and 32 in the
permanent dentition [4, 5, 6]. Tooth agenesis
denotes missing tooth/teeth as a result of
developmental failure that results in decreased
number of normal complement in human dentition
[7]. Conversely, a supernumerary tooth denotes
any tooth or odontogenic structure that is formed
from a tooth germ resulting in more than the
usual number of any given region in a dental arch
[4, 5, 6].
A search was made in databases using the
keywords ‘supernumerary teeth, mouse, humans,
genetics’. The articles collected were subjected to
a systematic review to analyse the genetic basis
of supernumerary teeth. Supernumerary teeth
can be seen in many genetic disorders; but they
are more common in syndromes like Gardner’s
syndrome, cleft lip and palate and cleidocranial
dysplasia (CCD) and less commonly seen in
Fabry disease, Nance-Horan syndrome, Ellis-Van
Creveld syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome [8]. Genetic
entities that represent supernumerary teeth as a
salient finding have been attributed to autosomal
dominant inheritance, X chromosome inheritance
and to both the inheritance patterns based on
their locus heterogeneity [9]. Also, there are many
reports supporting the theory of familial tendency
to supernumerary teeth which were more evident
in the relatives of the affected individuals [10].
Moreover, Seema Gupta and Praveen Kumar
reported based on their study that in 8.6% of
cases, there was a history of the same
abnormality observed in other members of the
family, which ascertained the hereditary nature of
hyperdontia to occur [11].
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