Chew, J-Wei (2018) Performance Of Recycled Paper Mill Sludge As A Modifier In Sphalt Mixtures Through Dry Process. Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
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Abstract
Pengumpulan sisa pepejal yang semakin meningkat memerlukan usaha global dalam pengurusan sisa yang efisien dan rawatan ekologi. Industri turapan asfalt yang menggunakan sumber semula jadi di samping menyumbang kepada gas rumah hijau, dilihat sebagai industri yang berpotensi tinggi bagi penggunaan sisa pepejal. Usaha penyelidikan ini memaparkan penggunaan sisa kilang kertas kitar semula (RPMS) sebagai bahan tambah baru ke dalam campuran asfalt. Rawatan prasyarat RPMS memerlukan 6 jam oven kering, 10 pusingan penggilingan dan semburan retak 0.075mm manakala didapati tidak mudah terbakar. Lebih 60% RPMS digunakan, manakala baki 40% boleh digunakan sebagai pindaan tanah. RPMS dimasukkan ke dalam campuran aspal pada 0.5% dan 1% berat campuran asfalt. Bahan pengikat asfalt bergred penusukan 60/70 dan dua jenis agregat iaitu batu kapur dan granit digunakan. Campuran asfalt disediakan pada suhu 160°C, dan dipadatkan menggunakan pemadat legar pada suhu 150°C. Ciri-ciri perkhidmatan gabungan campuran RPMS asfalt menyebabkan indeks kebolehkerjaan (WI) yang lebih tinggi dan indeks tenaga pemadatan (CEI) yang lebih rendah berbanding kawalan. Campuran kering asfalt 0.5% RPMS menyebabkan kekuatan tegangan tidak langsung (ITS) yang setanding dengan kawalan, namun mempunyai rintangan kelembapan yang lemah dengan nisbah kekuatan tegangan tidak langsung (ITSR) yang rendah. RPMS mengakibatkan modulus kebingkasan & ricih Leutner yang lebih tinggi, sementara mempunyai prestasi rayapan dinamik berbanding kawalan campuran asfalt. mikroskop elektron imbasan (SEM) menggambarkan morfologi permukaan berserat dan berliang RPMS. pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) menunjukkan komposisi mineralogik RPMS yang mengandungi kalsit, mempromosikan lekatan bitumenagregat yang baik. Walau bagaimanapun, RPMS mengandungi sebatian kelarutan larut air yang tinggi iaitu anhydrite, halite, sylvine, quart dan periclase. Komposisi kimia ditentukan melalui pendarflour sinar-X (XRF) yang menunjukkan RPMS mengandungi komposit simen Portland yang sama iaitu SiO2, Al2O3, K2O dan CaO walaupun selepas kerugian penyalaan (LOI) sebanyak 52.52%. Prosedur larut lesap pencirian ketoksikan (TCLP) membuktikan hanya logam berat Arsenik dikesan jauh bawah had pengawalseliaan atas RPMS mentah. Sementara RPMS yang dimasukkan pengikat asfalt menunjukkan pengurangan Arsenik membuktikan integrasi pengikat asfalt yang baik. Unsur-unsur logam berat yang mempunyai aplikasi agronomik iaitu kalsium, besi & magnesium dikesan. Oleh itu membuktikan RPMS tidak berbahaya kepada alam sekitar. Kajian ini bertindak sebagai rangsangan untuk menggabungkan RPMS dalam penghasilan turapan asfalt eco di samping menyediakan industri kaedah pelupusan alternatif yang lebih hijau. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The escalating accretion of solid waste requires a global notion to strive for efficient waste management and ecological treatments. The asphalt pavement industry which consumes natural resources while contributing to greenhouse emissions, is viewed as a potential alternative for the incorporation of solid waste. This research effort incorporates Recycled Paper Mill Sludge (RPMS) as a solid waste addictive into asphalt mixture. Pre-requisite treatment of RPMS required 6 hours oven dried, 10 cycles milling and sieved retaining 0.075mm while found to be not combustible. Over 60% RPMS is utilized, while remaining 40% can be utilized as soil amendments. RPMS is incorporated into asphalt mixture at 0.5% and 1% asphalt mixture weight. Asphalt binder with penetration grade 60/70 and two types of aggregates namely limestone and granite is utilized. Asphalt mixture is mixed at temperature of 160°C and compacted at 150°C. Service characteristics of RPMS incorporated asphalt mixture resulted higher Workability Index (WI) and lower Compactability Energy Index (CEI) than control. Unconditional 0.5% RPMS asphalt mixture led to comparable Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) with control, yet having poor moisture resistance with low Indirect Tensile Strength Ratio (ITSR). RPMS resulted in higher resilient modulus and Leutner shear, while having comparable dynamic creep performance than control asphalt mixture. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) illustrated the fibrous and porous surface morphology of RPMS. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) shown RPMS mineralogical composition which contains calcite, promoting good bitumen-aggregate adhesion. However, RPMS contained high water solubility mineralogical compounds namely anhydrite, halite, sylvine, quart and periclase. Chemical composition are determined via X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) indicating RPMS contained similar Portland cement composition namely SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and CaO even after Loss On Ignition (LOI) of 52.5%. Toxicity Characterization Leaching Procedure (TCLP) proved only Arsenic heavy metal is detected with levels far below regulatory limits on raw RPMS. While RPMS incorporated asphalt binder indicated a reduction in Arsenic proving good asphalt binder integration. Non heavy metal elements which have agronomic application namely calcium, iron & magnesium are detected. Thus proving RPMS is not harmful to the environment. This research acts as a stimulus to incorporate RPMS in eco and sustainable asphalt pavement development while providing industries with a greener disposal alternative.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Full text is available at http://irplus.eng.usm.my:8080/ir_plus/institutionalPublicationPublicView.action?institutionalItemId=4680 |
| Subjects: | T Technology T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| Divisions: | Kampus Kejuruteraan (Engineering Campus) > Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam (School of Civil Engineering) > Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mr Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jun 2019 08:29 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jun 2019 08:29 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/44563 |
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