Gharaibeh, Ibrahem A. M. (2018) Designing The National Spatial Data Infrastructure For Jordan. PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
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Abstract
Pembangunan pengumpulan data ruang (spatial) dan penggunaanya memainkan peranan penting dalam perjalanan aktiviti pembangunan infrastruktur data ruang (SDIs). SDI terdiri daripada teknologi, piawaian dan polisi (i.e. kerangka kerja berinstitusi), sumber manusia (i.e. orang) dan prosedur organisasi untuk memperoleh, menyimpan, memproses, mengagihkan dan mempertingkatkan penggunaan maklumat geo-ruang. Dalam memperkuatkan pembangunan dan liabiliti maklumat data ruang, status pembangunan SDI negara lain amat perlu diketahui. Terdapat banyak agensi awam dan swasta di Jordan yang memberi tumpuan kepada pengeluaran, penggunaan dan perkongsian data ruang bagi memenuhi keperluan komuniti geo-maklumat. Jordan tidak mempunyai kerangka kerja organisasi, dan terdapat lowong institusi terhadap tanggungjawab kepimpinan berkenaan GIS. Kebanyakan organisasi lebih gemar menubuhkan jawatankuasa GIS nasional yang bebas dengan memberikan kuasa, akauntabiliti, dan mandat sah kepada jawatankuasa tersebut dalam pengurusan kerja GIS seluruh negara. Namun demikian, akan terdapat beberapa cabaran untuk NSDI di Jordan seperti isu saling kendali, kurang dana, dokumentasi data, pembangunan polisi ke atas perkongsian data dan strategi nasional. Oleh kerana NSDI tidak serupa di seluruh dunia (Cetl, Roić, et al., 2009) maka adalah penting untuk Jordan membangunkan strategi nasional secara tersendiri. Sebaliknya, terdapat banyak kebaikan seperti menghalang duplikasi data ruang, menghapus keterulangan data ruang, meningkatkan kolaborasi di kalangan organisasi dan memperbaiki pembangunan ekonomi jabatan peringkat yang berlainan. Dalam menghasilkan strategi infrastruktur data ruang (NSDI), langkah pertama ialah kesedaran bahawa persekitaran kerja merangkumi pelbagai jenis pengguna yang memerlukan taraf kefungsian dan capaian data ruang yang berbeza. Langkah kedua ditumpukan kepada kerjasama dan koordinasi yang akan memainkan peranan yang berkesan dalam setiap organisasi. Tidak ada organisasi yang boleh memperbaiki atau menyediakan NSDI sendiri kecuali ia saling berkerjasama diantara pelbagai institusi, organisasi kerajaan, sektor awam dan swasta dalam menjayakan perlaksanaan sistem NSDI yang berjaya. Jordan menggunakan dua sistem koordinat iaitu datum ‘Palestin 1923’ dengan unjuran Cassini-Soldner (CASS), dan unjuran terkini iaitu ‘Jordan Transverse Mercator’ (JTM). Sistem unjuran JTM adalah berdasarkan kepada datum ‘International Hayford 1927’. Jabatan Tanah dan Ukur (DLS) bertanggungjawab menguruskan peta kadastral Jordan. Peta unjuran Cassini-Soldner merangkumi 17% Jordan dan peta unjuran JTM merangkumi kawasan-kawasan lain dalam negara Jordan. Sebahagian daripada kajian ini membuat perbandingan sistem unjuran CASS dengan JTM dalam usaha mencari kerangka rujukan yang boleh menyokong pembangunan infrastruktur data ruang (SDI) di Jordan. Dalam proses pelarasan transformasi afin menggunakan perisian ArcGIS, yang menukar unjuran CASS kepada kepada JTM, hasil yang diperolehi adalah pada ketepatan 10cm. Keputusan tersebut telah memberi dorongan kepada potensi peralihan kesemua peta dari unjuran CASS ke JTM. Menurut kajian ini juga, perselisihan di antara organisasi boleh dihapuskan apabila unjuran JTM digunakan sebagai sistem rujukan standard di Jordan. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Developments in spatial data collection and usage play a pivotal role in developmental activities that perform Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). SDI consist of the technologies, standards, policies (i.e. institutional frameworks), human resources (i.e. people) and organizational procedures to obtain store, process, distribute, and enhance the utilization of geospatial information. Knowing the SDI development status of other countries is essential to intensify the development and liability of spatial data information. In Jordan, there are many agencies, both public and private, that are concerned with spatial data production, use and sharing to meet the needs of the geo-information community. Jordan has no organizational framework, and there is an institutional void in leadership responsibility with regard to GIS. Most organizations prefer to create an independent national GIS committee and provide the committee authority, accountability, and legal mandate to manage all GIS works throughout the country. However, there are several challenges that NSDI might face in Jordan, such as interoperability issues, lack of funding, documentation of data, development of policies on data sharing, and national strategy. Since NSDIs are not identical worldwide (Cetl, Roić, et al., 2009), therefore it is important for Jordan to develops its own national strategy. On the other hand, there are many advantages like barring the duplication of spatial data, eliminating the redundancy of spatial data, raising the collaboration among organizations and different departments, improving the economic development at different levels. In creating the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) strategy, the first step is the awareness on the fact that most environments have various kinds of users who require different levels of functionality and access to spatial data. The second step is focus on the cooperation and coordination that play significant roles in each organization. No organization is able to improve or establish NSDI by itself unless it cooperates between various institutions, governmental organizations, public and private sectors that will lead to successful establishment of NSDI system. Jordan uses two coordinate systems namely the Palestine 1923 Datum, Cassini-Soldner projection (CASS), and the recent “Jordan Transverse Mercator” (JTM). The JTM Projection System is based on the “International Hayford 1927” Datum. The Department of Land and Survey (DLS) is responsible for managing the cadastral maps of Jordan. Maps in the Cassini-Soldner projection cover 17% of Jordan and maps in the JTM projection cover the rest of the country. Part of the study compares CASS with JTM projection system in Jordan in the effort to adopt suitable reference frame that supports the development of SDI in Jordan. In the affine adjustment process that transformed CASS projection to JTM in ArcGIS software, the result produces an accuracy of approximately 10cm. The result inspires the potentiality to transfer of all maps from CASS to JTM. Likewise, the study has shown that the discrepancies between organizations can be eliminated using the JTM projection as the standard reference system in Jordan.
| Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Full text is available at http://irplus.eng.usm.my:8080/ir_plus/user/submitPublicationAndFinishLater.action |
| Subjects: | T Technology T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| Divisions: | Kampus Kejuruteraan (Engineering Campus) > Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam (School of Civil Engineering) > Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mr Mohd Jasnizam Mohd Salleh |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jun 2019 08:10 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jun 2019 08:10 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/44557 |
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