Aw, Cheu Lih and Zakaria, Mohd Normani and Mohamad, Ridwan Afif and Rashid, Mohd Fadzil Nor
(2017)
Effects of Ethnicity and Gender on the Middle Ear Function in
Asian Adults.
Indian journal of Otology, 23 (2).
pp. 94-97.
ISSN 0971-7749
Abstract
Tympanometry is a standard clinical test to measure the middle ear function objectively. Ethnicity and gender may affect
tympanometric results, and specific normative data are required for diagnosing middle ear disorders accurately. Aim: This study aimed to
determine the effects of ethnicity (Malay vs. Chinese) and gender on tympanometric results among Asian adults. Materials and Methods: A
total of 72 young adults aged 20–25 years participated in this comparative study. They comprised two ethnic groups: Malay (n = 31 [14 males
and 17 females]) and Chinese (n = 41 [20 males and 21 females]) participants. All participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria (no history of ear
and hearing difficulties and normal findings in routine audiological assessments) and underwent a standard 226 Hz tympanometric testing.
Tympanometric parameters including static admittance (SA), ear canal volume (ECV), tympanometric peak pressure (TPP), and tympanometric
width (TW) were recorded from each participant. Results: No significant differences in all tympanometric parameters were found between
Chinese and Malay participants (P > 0.05). However, statistically higher SA and ECV values were noted in males than in females (P < 0.05).
No gender effect was observed in TPP and TW (P > 0.05). Conclusions: For a more accurate middle ear evaluation in Malay and Chinese
young adults, gender‑specific tympanometric normative data derived from this study are recommended.
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