Gopinathan, Piriatharisini (2021) Evaluation Of Anxiety And Depression, And Their Associated Factors In Hyperthyroid Patients Undergoing Radioactive Iodine Therapy: A Cross-sectional Study. Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
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Abstract
Introduction: Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI therapy) is increasingly utilized the for treatment of hyperthyroidism. However, a significant level of anxiety and depression have been documented in patients undergoing RAI therapy. Although factors like poor understanding of the affliction, procedural fear and reported side effects of the therapy can precipitate an emotional distress, the association between socioeconomic, biochemical, etiological, treatment factors and anxiety and depression remain poorly evaluated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of anxiety and depression that subjects manifested while undergoing RAI therapy and to address the knowledge gap that exist on the association between socioeconomic, biochemical, etiological, treatment factors and anxiety and depression while undergoing RAI therapy. Methods: Hyperthyroid subjects referred for RAI therapy were recruited as participants in the study. Self-administered sociodemographic and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire were administered to subjects after clinical assessment and counselling by Nuclear Medicine Physicians, prior to RAI therapy. Socioeconomic and clinical data as well as anxiety and depression scores were recorded. Results: A total of 123 subjects were recruited, the majority of them female, of mean age of 43.9 years, of Malay ethnicity and from the Islamic faith. The majority of them hailed from the state of Kedah, were married, had acquired lower education, were employed with mean income of RM2303.88 and were diagnosed with Graves’ disease with no other comorbidity and biochemically were in hyperthyroid state. The majority of them receiving RAI therapy for the first time and were given a fixed cumulative dose of 15mCi. 40.7% of subjectsin this cohort displayed anxiety and 21.1% were depressed while undergoing RAI therapy. Study also showed that education level (adjusted odds ratio, 0.291; 95% confidence: 0.128, 0.659; p = 0.003) and marital status (adjusted odds ratio, 0.363; 95% confidence: 0.146, 0.904; p = 0.029) were associated with anxiety. Education level (adjusted odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence: 0.071, 0.740; p = 0.014) and marital status (adjusted odds ratio, 0.159; 95% confidence: 0.032, 0.803; p = 0.026) were also associated with depression. Conclusion: A significant level of anxiety and a fairly lower-level depression were experienced by subjects during RAI therapy. Subjects with lower education and who were single were more likely to experience psychological distress compared to those with a higher level of education and married individuals.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | R Medicine |
| Divisions: | Institut Perubatan & Pergigian Termaju (Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI)) > Thesis |
| Depositing User: | NOR HASHIMY BIN ABDULLAH |
| Date Deposited: | 13 May 2026 02:11 |
| Last Modified: | 13 May 2026 02:11 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/64176 |
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