Omar, Nor Sakinah
(2023)
Managing The Migration Policies Of Illegal Immigrants In Malaysia
Through Policy Transfer Approach.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Malaysia has always struggled with the issue of illegal immigrants. The
fundamental factors behind this population inflow are the country's rapid economic
growth and its attractiveness as a destination for foreign workers. This thesis
specifically studies Malaysia's policy mechanisms towards illegal immigrants,
particularly those who work here. Factors contributing to the influx of illegal
immigrants include strong demand for both legal and illegal foreign workers, high
costs for the process of employing legal foreign workers, abuse of power among
government officials, and Malaysia's unique geographic location. All these elements
have been termed "government dilemmas" since they cannot be properly handled due
to the limitations and weaknesses of government programmes aimed at this
group. This study uncovered mechanisms from other nations using a policy transfer
approach. The single border agency and multi-level levy system are still in the
planning stages, and the government is taking several steps to thoroughly examine
them. The government is making improvements on the existing policies that include
the digitalization of migration management, integrating planning with agencies and
citizens, strengthening the MOU with the sending nations to achieve a win-win
solution, implementing legal reforms for better employment activities, and including
NGOs in governing the workers’ rights and welfare. Therefore, it is concluded that the
Malaysian government is indeed practicing a policy transfer approach in attempting to
curb the issue of illegal immigrants in Malaysia through policy learning and
benchmarking.
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