Ramli, Nor Azmi
(2022)
Taxonomy Of ‘akhlaq’ In The Governance Of Malaysian Government Procurement Practices.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Corruption is a global phenomenon. The OECD Report (2016) and NACP
report (2019) stated that government procurement is the sector most prone to
corruption. Past studies have focused on factors of the Malaysian government
procurement system and practice. The focus of this research is on Human
Governance philosophy giving emphasis to the physical and spiritual dimension of
humans. In-depth research on the aspect of inner ‘Self’ according to al-Ghazali’s
framework was done with the research participants to explore the inner factors
driving the government procurement practitioners to commit corruption or uphold
integrity . The objectives of this research are: (1) To determine the practice of
Human Governance in Malaysian government procurement B2G
market transactions in influencing decisions to commit corruption or uphold
integrity. (2) To identify the criteria for taxonomy of characters which drive the
behaviour of the government procurement practitioners to commit corruption or
uphold integrity. (3) To examine if the behaviours of corruption and integrity align
with the criteria for taxonomy of characters and levels of soul as constructed in the
theoretical framework based on al-Ghazali’s thoughts. Research in the form of
phenomenology was applied to collect qualitative data based on the experiences of
13 research participants through the interview method. The research result concludes
that the participants do not have knowledge of Human Governance philosophy as an
internal self-control mechanism in making decisions to avoid being involved with
corrupt practice.
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