Pengiran, Hazirah
(2022)
Studies Of Capability, Stability, Toxicity And Bioefficacy Of Kenaf Based Cellulose Nanofiber As Larvicide Carrier For Mosquito Control.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are increasing every year and causing million deaths
worldwide. The diseases are transmitted from the bite of an infected mosquito. Thus,
it requires effective control measures to reduce the transmission rate, and one of the
control strategies is using larvicide such as temephos. Currently, the carrier materials
used in the larvicide formulation raised environmental concerns due to their nonrenewable
sources. The cellulose nanofiber from kenaf is seen as a sustainable
replacement for larvicide carrier. The objectives of this study are to determine the
capability of kenaf cellulose nanofiber (KCNF) to disperse and load temephos, the
stability of KCNF impregnated with temephos (KCNF+T) in retaining temephos, the
acute systemic toxicity of KCNF and KNCF+T in mammals, the acute ecotoxicity of
KCNF in the aquatic organisms and the bioefficacy of KCNF+T as a larvicide carrier
against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The capability of KCNF to disperse is
determined using the method adopted from OECD TG 318 and loading capability is
evaluated using various water volume loaded on the dry KCNF. The amount of
temephos impregnated on KCNF is quantified by HPLC analysis. KCNF is found to
have high dispersion capability with more than 50 % dispersibility in six out of nine
tested hydrochemical conditions and loading capability 6-fold of its mass. Amount of
temephos impregnated on KCNF is found 1.94 % w/w reflecting 97 % impregnation
efficacy.
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