Ilias, Muhammad Khalish Mohammad
(2022)
A Comprehensive Study On Microbial
Activity And Lipids Extraction From
Chicken By-Product Waste Via
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide For Biodiesel
Production.
Masters thesis, Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut.
Abstract
There is an increasing concern on the safe disposal and sustainable utilization
of chicken by-product waste to minimize adverse environmental impacts. The disposal
of chicken by-product waste into the landfill leads to the release of antibiotics resistant
bacteria into the environment. However, chicken by-product waste contains about 50%
fat. The presence of the enormous volume of fat content (about 50 wt.%) in the chicken
by-product waste indicates that it could be utilized as a potential low-cost feedstock
for biodiesel production. In the present study, the supercritical CO2 (scCO2)
technology was utilized to sterilize the chicken by-product waste to ensure safe
handling for the subsequent processing towards sustainable utilization of the waste byproduct.
The presence of bacteria in the chicken by-product waste and their antibiotics
susceptibility were identified. The experimental conditions of scCO2 sterilization were
optimized based on the inactivation of the antibiotics resistance bacteria in chicken byproduct
waste using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimum
experimental conditions for the complete inactivation of the antibiotics resistance
bacteria in sterilized chicken by-product waste were scCO2 pressure 18 MPa,
temperature 60 oC, and treatment time 45 min. The supercritical CO2 (scCO2)
extraction is employed to separate lipids from sterilized chicken by-product waste for
biodiesel production. The experimental conditions of scCO2 separation were
optimized based on the maximum separation lipids from chicken by-product waste
using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
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