Zain, Mariani Mohd
(2019)
Phenotypic And Proteomic Analysis Associated With Macrocyclic Lactones-Ivermectin Exposure In Caenorhabditis Elegans.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance has been reported in almost all species of parasites of livestock and involved all the major classes of broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug including ivermectin. Due to the study of ivermectin resistance in parasitic nematode is limited, thus, a free-living Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a model system in this study. The ivermectin sensitivity assay was carried out to investigate the response of wild-type C. elegans N2 strain to ivermectin exposure. Six in vitro assays were conducted; egg hatch assay, larval development assay, reproduce assay, thrashing assay, motility assay and pharyngeal pumping assay with IVM-resistant C. elegans DA1316 strain as a control. The results showed that ivermectin is effective on larvae but not on the eggs of wild-type C. elegans N2 strain. Ivermectin inhibits the larval development, egg-laying behavior, locomotion and feeding behavior of wild-type C. elegans N2 strain. Following the ivermectin sensitivity assay, the proteomic approach was carried out to identify the possible up-regulated and down-regulated protein expression of wild-type C. elegans N2 strain to ivermectin exposure. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed to compare the protein maps of the IVM-resistant C. elegans N2 strain (treated group) and wild-type C. elegans N2 strain (control group). Among the 25 selected protein spots, 18 protein spots were up-regulated and seven protein spots were down-regulated in the treated group compared to the control group.
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