Sidi, Wan Nur Izzati Wan Sidi
(2020)
Detection of anti-giardia antibodies among selected kelantan cattle farmers:an occupational risk surveillance.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Giardiasis, caused by Giardia lamblia, has been recognized as one of the most
common intestinal protozoan infections worldwide. As the disease is spread by the
faecal-oral route and potentially zoonotic transmitted, occupations such as cattle
farmers are one of the high-risk jobs. In Malaysia, the prevalence of giardiasis ranges
between 0.2 to 20%, and infection is often associated with malnutrition particularly
among children. The reported prevalence inferred only to active cases, but not the
people who are exposed to the infection recently. This cross-sectional study was
conducted to investigate the prevalence of giardiasis in relation to occupational
exposure among cattle farmers in Kelantan and to compare it with other study groups,
Orang Asli and blood donor. Achieved serum samples from 90 participants were
subjected to an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the
detection of anti-Giardia IgG antibody. Sociodemographic data were analysed using
SPSS v24.0 (Microsoft Corporation, USA). An in-house ELISA was optimised with
standardised parameters as such coating antigen concentration of 10 μg/mL, serum
dilution of 1:50, and HRP-conjugated secondary antibody of 1:6000. The
seroprevalence of Orang Asli, blood donors, and farmers were 68.7%, 1%, and 27.7%
respectively. There were significant (P<0.001) difference between the seroprevalence
of Orang Asli and farmers. There were no significant findings shown between
subjects’ demographic variables and ELISA OD450nm reading. In conclusion, the
seropositivity of giardiasis is higher in the endemic population as compared to the sera
of non-endemic population. Further study is required to identify the possible risk
factors of the seropositivity.
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