Siew, Ooi Good
(2018)
Comparison of nutritional status and dietary pattern among mothers who delivered term low birth weight and normal birth weight infant at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as infant’s birth weight less than 2500
gram regardless of gestational age. Low birth weight is a global public health
problem and it is the major cause of infant’s mortality and morbidity either in
neonatal or in the first year of life. LBW infants will also lead to chronic diseases in
adulthood such as diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease. There are many
risk factors associated with the delivery of LBW infants especially nutritional status
of mothers is one of the important risk factors. This cross-sectional study was carried
out to determine the nutritional status, dietary pattern and other associated risk
factors with low birth weight (LBW) among mothers who delivered low birth weight
(LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) infants. A total of 408 mothers with 204
mothers who delivered low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight
(NBW)(n=204) infants were recruited based on the inclusion criteria and exclusion
criteria at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. Data collected
include sociodemographic, socioeconomic, obstetric/medical history, the maternal
dietary pattern was assessed by using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and
nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Results showed that
the incidence LBW infants during this study period was 12.1% (622 of 5152 total
birth). In the descriptive analysis, there were significantly different for mothers with
LBW and NBW infants by age, level of education, numbers of children, gravida,
parity and number of attendance to antenatal care. In term of nutritional status,
mothers with NBW infant have higher mean of BMI: 23.84(5.19) compared to
mothers with LBW infants mean: 22.60(5.29) (p=0.018). Rice, drinking water, sugar,
sea fish, leafy green vegetable and traditional local cake were highly consumed food
items by both groups except biscuit and chicken were highly consumed by mothers
who delivered NBW infants, but moderately consumed by mothers of LBW infants.
There was no significant difference of total score in dietary diversity among mothers
who delivered NBW and LBW infants, however, there was a significant difference in
meat products and egg (p<0.005). Multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusted
for the confounder, found that there factor associated significantly with low birth
weight include education (ORadj 3.30; 95% C.I. 1.27, 8.60, 5.97, p=0.015), parity
(ORadj 0.76; 95% C.I. 0.66, 0.87, 14.34, p=<0.001) , history of previous child birth
LBW (ORadj 0.49; 95% C.I. 0.25, 0.96, 4.37, p=0.037), hypertension in previous
pregnancies (ORadj 0.24; 95% C.I. 0.72, 0.81, 5.28, p=0.022) BMI (ORadj 0.95; 95%
C.I. 0.92, 1.00, 4.85, p=0.028). In future research, it is recommended to evaluate
dietary intake based on Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake of pregnant
women apart from the dietary diversity score.
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