Yam, Mun Fei
(2012)
Pharmacological Evaluation Of Orthosiphon Stamineus Extract And Development Of Analgesic Meter For Arthritic Rat Model.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is a genus of herb of the family Labiatae or
Lamiaceace traditionally used for treatment of many diseases such nephritis,
nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, vesical calculi, arteriosclerosis, rheumatism,
inflammation, gout and diabetes. Despite the availability of modern medications,
the use of traditional medicine is growing throughout the world, indicating a need
for scientific investigations into the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants and their
underlying mechanisms. While no previous investigation has thoroughly reported
its pharmacological activities such as anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic,
analgesic, hepatoprotective and toxicological effect of such a widely used
medicinal herb, this investigation set out to further characterize the traditional
claims. The O. Stamineus leaves were dried, pulverized and successively
extracted with 50% methanol using maceration method. The extract was dried
under reduced pressure and freeze-dried. The yield of lyophylized 50 % methanolic
extract of O. Stamineus (SEOS) was found to be 6%. HPLC analysis showed that
SEOS contains 0.46%, 1.12%, and 0.94% of 3’-hydroxy-5,6,7,4’-
tetramethoxyflavone, sinensetin and eupatorin, respectively.
In acute toxicity study, up and down method (limit dose) was adapted. A
single dose of 5000 mg/kg of SEOS was given orally to 5 healthy Sprague Dawley
(SD) male and female adult rats. The rats were observed for mortality and clinical
signs for 3 h and then periodically for 14 days. In the subchronic toxicity study, the extract was administered orally at doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg per day for
28 days to female and male SD rats, respectively. The animals were sacrificed,
followed by examination of their organs and blood serum. The results in the acute
study showed that SEOS at a dose of 5000 mg/kg caused neither visible signs of
toxicity nor mortality. All five rats survived until the end of observation period. While
in subchronic toxicity, administration of the SEOS at 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg
for 28 days did not produce any mortality and there were no significant differences
in the general condition, growth, organ weights, hematological parameters, clinical
chemistry values and macroscopic appearance of the organs from the treatment
groups as compared to the control group.
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