Genisa, Maya
(2018)
Biomechanical investigation of dental implant using resonance frequency analysis, 3D bone assessment and finite element analysis.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Biocompatibility and biomechanics assessment after implant placement
become an essential task to support longevity of dental implant. Understanding the
factors that supporting bony osseointegration, stability of implant and characteristic of
new biomechanics system of dental implant are needed. Therefore, the behavior of
dynamic properties such as stress propagation and micromotion as responses of
different loading including pre and post crown condition can be estimated. However,
in current clinical technology, the biomechanical behavior of dental implant is still
unpredicted because of unavailability of the instrument to measure those phenomena
clinically. A 3D imaging technology such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography
(CBCT) able to produce better image of implant dental system and gives some
advantages. However, some issues are still embedded in their application especially
for bone density assessment. The objective of this research is to assess a dental implant
biomechanically in three dimensions (3D), which include the examination on accuracy
and repeatability of CBCT, monitoring of implant stability using Resonance
Frequency Analysis (RFA) and its correlation with the bone quality and quantity and
changes of density during dental implant treatment. Futher objectives are to
investigate the effect of loading and variables on stress distribution and micro motion
of dental implant system in pre and post crown condition based on numerical study
through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on model and in vivo data. Methodology of
the research was set to achieve the entire objectives which involved 10 implant patientsand an oral surgeon at Hospital USM (HUSM) during implant treatment. Monitoring
of their implant progress were conducted in three stages: immediate after implant
placement, 3 months after implant surgery, and 4 months after implant placement or 1
month after crown installation. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software,
while the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) studies were conducted by using ANSYS
Workbench software to simulate the generated stress distribution and micromotion due
to different loading (vertical, horizontal and removal torque loading) for pre and post
crown condition. The preparation of FEA study including the segmentation and
meshing were conducted on MIMICS and 3-Matic software based on CBCT image.
The result showed that the cortical thickness and bone height had higher correlation
coefficient with implant stability compared to density and width of bone. Bone
resorption during healing stage occurred within 3 months after surgery,
osseointegration or remodeling occurred 4 months after surgery and implant stability
increases significantly 4 months after surgery. The stresses generated during loading
simulation was low in the patient with high and moderate implant stability and high
for patient with low implant stability. The higher generated stress tends to produce
higher micromotion. Stress and micro motion are two crucial factors that determine
the implant stability, osseointegration and remodeling activity.
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