Abdullah, Zatil Shakinah
(2013)
Endoparasites Of Various Species Of Anurans In Penang Island, Peninsular Malaysia.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Wild animals, including anuran are usually infected with several species of parasites. The
population is often threatened by massive deaths among other things because of the dispersal
and territorialism of most parasites species. Frogs are important for a variety of reasons.
Firstly, they control populations of insects and secondly they can act as indicator species to
the environment. Studies have shown that anurans can harbor many species of parasites.
Worldwide, there are numerous researches carried out on anuran parasites but few
represented from Malaysia. From this study, 300 anurans from 14 species were collected
from eight study sites: Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Phrynoidis aspera, Hylarana erythraea,
H. labialis, H. nigrovittata, Polypedates leucomystax, Fejervarya cancrivora, F.
limnocharis, Limnonectes blythii, L. paramacrodon, L. ibanorum, L. ingeri, Microhyla
butleri, and Kaloula pulchra. About 11 helminths (Heterakis sp., H. vesicularis,
Trichostrongylus sp., Pharyngodon sp., Ascaris sp., Oswaldocruzia sp., Rhabdias sp.,
Glypthelmins staffordi, Diplodiscus sacculosus, Manodistomum sp., and
Macracanthorynchus sp.), eight blood parasites (a rickettsia, Hepatozoon sp.,
Haemogregarina sp., Lankesterella sp., Trypanosoma loricatum, T. rotatorium, T. chattoni,
and microfilaria) and one protozoa (Nyctotherus spp.) were recorded from frogs. There were
correlations between the present helminth parasites and distribution of rainfall, and
similarity between blood parasites and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of water.
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