Rajasaygar, Sudha
(2013)
Preliminary Survey Of Cigarette Butts’ Disposal Behaviors In Selected Public Places On Penang Island And The Evaluation Of Their Larvicidal, Oviposition And Fitness Altering Activities Against Dengue Vector Aedes Aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae).
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
This thesis reports cigarette consumption, perception about DCB (discarded cigarette butts) fate, methods of disposal as well as CB burden in public places. The effects of the CB waste on the development of Aedes aegypti and on the fitness of its offspring. Overall tobacco use was high, level of awareness about DCB fate inadequate and careless disposal widespread. A total of 900 butts representing 31 brands were consistently picked up from the ground near a restaurant area (24.44%), mosque (20.44%), shop lot (28.55%) and shopping mall (26.55%). Un-burnt tobacco part was found in most littered butts, with portion reaching 5 cm in some cases. Marlboro was the commonest butt brand. In the laboratory, butt toxicity study revealed increased vulnerability of Ae. aegypti, but mortality responses varied considerably with developmental stage. At the early phases of development, larvae died at much greater rates in the presence of the highest CB concentrations (2CBSol and 3CBSol). In 1CB microcosms, larval survival gradually increased as development progressed. But, in the presence of the highest CB concentration (3CBSol), mortality was high even during the late developmental phases. Pupation occurred among survivors from all larval stages following their exposure to each of the CB solutions, but success was much limited when CB treatments were applied during early developmental phases. The entomological study also involved investigating whether CB has indirect effects on Ae. aegypti. Oviposition responses occurred at greater rates in the presence of CB.
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