Askarali, Nur Farhamizah
(2013)
Whitefly-Parasitoid-Insecticide Interactions: A Case Study Of Bemisia Tabaci Genn, 1889 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Encarsia Hitam Hayat, 2011 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) And Selected Insecticides On Brinjal Plant Hosts (Solanum Melongena L.) (Family: Solanaceae) In The Field.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three insecticides
(abamectin, malathion and diafenthiuron) on the interactions between Bemisia tabaci
(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) the brinjal pest, and the parasitoid Encarsia hitam
(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), as well as on plant performances and fruit production.
All insecticides were applied weekly at recommended doses over two brinjal
cropping periods. Overall results showed high total numbers of whitefly on untreated
plants in the first (14.08 ± 1.44 per leaf) and second (17.50 ± 4.65 per leaf) cropping
periods compared to plants that were treated with abamectin (13.88 ± 3.32),
malathion (9.80 ± 2.19 per leaf) and diafenthiuron (10.40 ± 2.41 per leaf) in the first
crop and in second crop with 15.65 ± 5.42, 8.35 ± 2.79 and 9.48 ± 2.3 per leaf
respectively. Malathion and diafenthiuron were the most effective insecticides that
reduced whitefly populations below economic threshold level (ETL). Percentages of
parasitism was high on whitefly nymphs in untreated control plants in the first and
second cropping periods (3.17% - 12.82%) and (0.52% - 10.00%) respectively
compared with insecticide-treated plants (0.62% - 12.50%) and (1.01% - 8.00%)
respectively. All insecticides affected the parasitization of whitefly although no
significance difference was observed among treatments.
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