Roze, Mohamad Noor Mohamad
(2016)
Prevalens dan faktor berkaitan jangkitan helmin tularan tanah dalam kalangan murid tahap satu sekolah rendah di jajahan Bachok, Kelantan.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus and
Ancylostoma duodenale are soil-transmitted helminth that infect approximately onethird
of the world human population who generally lives in poor communities of
developing countries; and the helminthic problems are still unceasing among
children living in Bachok district of Kelantan. The objective of this study was to
determine the incidence of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) among level one
(year one, two and three) schoolchildren in Bachok district. The associations between
STH and the schoolchildren anthropometric measurements, haemoglobin
concentrations, various demographic data, different socio-economic factors and also
their hygienic practices associated with STH were also studied. In this study, two
sub-districts of Bachok with beaches were randomly selected; in which all primary
schools in Tawang and Telong sub-districts were recruited. Since Tawang district has
more primary schools (4) than Telong (2), proportionate samplings were performed
to obtain 68.9% and 31.1% of the targeted sample size of 270 level one
schoolchildren from the two sub-districts, respectively. Formalin-ethyl acetate
concentration technique was used to detect helminth ova and/or larvae in the stool
samples. A portable haemoglobinometer (Hemocue HB 201+, Sweden) was used to
determine capillary haemoglobin concentration from a drop of finger-pricked blood.
The anthropometric measurement was taken from all the schoolchildren. Interview
was conducted based on a previously validated structured questionnaire to obtain thedemography, socio-economic status and hygienic practices of the schoolchildren.
About 22.2% (43/194) of the level one schoolchildren in Bachok district were found
to be positive for STH. Fischer’s Exact Test chi-square analysis showed that there
were no significant difference between STH and body mass index ( = 0.461,
p<0.05) and capillary haemoglobin concentration ( = 0.764, p<0.05) among the
level one schoolchildren in Bachok. However, Kendall’s tau-b analysis revealed
that household with 7 or more family members were found to be significantly
associated with STH ( = 0.017, p<0.05). In addition not washing hands with soap
before meal ( = 0.045, p<0.05) was found to be significantly associated with STH.
Negative associations were obtained between walking barefooted, drinking unboiled
water and eating raw vegetable with STH. In conclusion, this study revealed that
STH is still a health concern among growing-up children in Bachok. In future, it
would be interesting to study the effect of reducing the significant unhygienic
practices reported in this study to minimize the transmission of STH among level one
schoolchildren in Bachok.
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