Elgali, Amel Elduhman
(2016)
Dental anomalies and muscle segment homeobox 1 (MSX1) gene polymorphism in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate children.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCLP) is common craniofacial
anomalies. About 70% of cleft lip with or without palate is non-syndromic. These
individuals are reported to have high prevalence of dental anomalies and studies
suggested that the development of NSCLP and dental anomalies were contributed by
MSX1 gene polymorphism. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of
dental anomalies and MSX1 gene 799G>T polymorphism. The association between
MSX1 gene 799G>T polymorphism with NSCLP as well as hyopodontia compared
to non-cleft children were also determined. A comparative cross sectional study was
carried out at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from September 2014 to September
2015. The informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Clinical oral examination
for 37 NSCL±P and 80 non-cleft children aged 7 to 13 years old were done followed
by the orthopantomogram. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length
polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used in this study to identify the
polymorphism. The buccal cells were collected from the subjects for genomic DNA
extraction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the partial part of
MSX1 exon 2 by using one set of primer. The PCR product which could not be
analyzed by PCR-RFLP was sent to DNA sequencing analysis to identify the
polymorphism. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0. In the current
study, male outnumbered female. UCLP (51.4%) was the common type of the cleft
and the majority of the patients were presented with left side CLP (32.4%). The
prevalence of dental anomalies in morphology in NSCL±P was 18.9% (95% CI: 5.7,
32.2) and non-cleft was 6.3% (95% CI: 0.8, 11.7). Hypodontia in NSCLP was 75%
(95% CI: 61.2, 90.2) and non-cleft was 7.5% (95% CI: 1.6, 13.4). However, there was
no rare polymorphism of 799G>T gene, all samples (n=117) contained common
polymorphism 799G. Therefore, MSX1 799G>T polymorphism was not associated
with NSCL±P and hypodontia. There was a significant association between NSCLP
and dental anomalies in morphology (p=0.04) and number (p<0.01). The risk of having
dental anomalies in morphology in NSCL±P children was 3.5 times and in number
was 40 times more than non-cleft children. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental
anomalies in morphology and number was very high in NSCL±P compared to noncleft
children. However, it was not significantly associated with MSX1 799G>T
polymorphism. It is recommended that a comprehensive oral healthcare program is
essential to overcome the impacts of these dental anomalies to NSCL±P children.
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