Sharif, Khurram and Mahama, Habib and Farooqi, Nauman
(2016)
Management, Control And Governance Of
Hawala Networks In The Gulf Cooperation
Council Region.
Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance, 12 (2).
pp. 1-29.
ISSN 1823-4992
Abstract
Prior research has focused on the transactional aspects of the Hawala Networks (i.e. Invisible
Funds Transfer Networks). However, little is known about the structure of this networked
"organisation" especially about its governance and management control systems. Clanbased Organisations and Actor Network Theories were utilised to provide the theoretical
base on which a research farmework was built. In total, 20 indepth interviews were conducted
with Hawaldars (Hawala service providers) using a semi-structured questionnaire. As the
study focused on the Gulf Cooperation Council region, data were collected from Qatar, UAE
and Kuwait. The data indicated that there were no formal governance and management
control systems in place for managing Hawala Networks (HNets); there were no explicit
formal processes and mechanisms for evaluating performance and there was no formal
performance measurement and tracking system in place to provide the information about
network functionality. Results also showed that trust acted as the most important control
mechanism impacting the efciency, effectiveness and the relatively lower transaction
costs associated with HNets operations
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