Hamzah, Mohamad Daud
(1984)
Takrifan-Takrifan Tentang Konsep Pembelajaran Merentasi Sejarah.
The Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education (formerly known as Journal of Educators and Education), 6 (1).
pp. 1-13.
ISSN 2289-9057
Abstract
This paper presents a historical survey of the interpretations of "learning". Around the
eighteenth century the doctrine of "metal substance" formed the basis to view "learning" as an
expansion of innate ideas either from within via self-unfoldrnent or from without via mental
discipline. When this doctrine was replaced by the doctrine of mental state, "learning" was viewed as
the establishment of associations among ideas acquired through experiences. In the late eighteenth
century and also thoughout the nineteenth century both philosopher-psychologists and experimental
psychologists interpreted "learning" as either the formation of associations among ideas or one of its
abstractions in the forms of associations between situations and responses, and associations between
stimuli and responses.
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