Tessa, Eka Darmayanti
(2015)
Kajian Aspek Budaya Pada Seni Bina Masjid Agung Banten, Banten, Indonesia.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Kompleks Masjid Agung Banten dikenali sebagai peninggalan daripada Kesultanan Banten. Ia terletak di Banten Lama, kawasan Banten, hujung barat Pulau Jawa. Kompleks Masjid Agung Banten wujud daripada perpaduan budaya tempatan dan asing. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan meneroka perpaduan budaya terhadap kewujudan seni bina sehingga reka bentuk dalaman di tiga zon penting di kompleks Masjid Agung Banten. Ia adalah bangunan perhimpunan yang dikenali sebagai tiyamah, masjid agung dan kawasan perkuburan. Hubungan aktiviti masyarakat tempatan dan pelawat di persekitaran kompleks diketahui saling berkait rapat dengan kewujudan tiga zon penting tersebut dan elemen-elemen seni bina pada bangunan tersebut juga mempengaruhi budaya persekitaran. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan tahap penyelidikan berperingkat. Ia bermula dengan penyelidikan rintis, pemerhatian, pengumpulan maklumat lisan dan tulisan serta temuramah mendalam. Penyelidikan ini juga menggunakan pendekatan penyelidikan budaya sebagai sokongan dalam mendedahkan budaya Jawa, Cina dan Belanda yang membawa pengaruh kepada kewujudan agama Islam, Hindu dan Buddha. Hasil dapatan penyelidikan ini mendapati bahawa telah terjadi pertukaran aktiviti agama dalam aktiviti tradisi yang sepatutnya berlaku di bangunan masjid, namun ia berlaku di kawasan perkuburan.
Banten Great Mosque Complex is known as a remnant from the Banten Sultanate. It is situated in Banten Lama, an area in Banten, at the west end of Java. The Banten Great Mosque Complex exists from the unity of both local and foreign cultures. This research is done to investigate the cultural unity that exist in the architecture and interior design in three important zones in the Banten Great Mosque Complex. It is an assembly of buildings called the tiyamah, the great mosques and the cemetery. The local community relationship with the visitors around the complex are known to be closed knit with the existence of these three important zones and the architectural elements on the building had also influenced the culture that surrounds it. This research has used the qualitative method with a multi level research. It starts with the pilot study, observation, collecting of oral and written data complete with in-depth interview. This research also uses cultural research approach as a support in revealing the Java, Chinese and Dutch cultures that bring influence in the existence of religions like Islam, Hinduism dan Buddhism. The research findings had shown that there are changes in the religious activity in the traditional activity that should have been done in the mosque, but were done at the cemetery.
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