Jusoh, Mini Walek @ Khairil Khalid
(2016)
Ekonomi Pertanian Orang Melayu Di Terengganu, 1956-1990: Dasar, Pelaksanaan, Dan Kesan.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Rancangan Malaysia Lima Tahun dari Rancangan Malaya Pertama hingga
Rancangan Malaysia Kelima (1956-1990), merupakan pemangkin utama dalam
meningkatkan taraf hidup dan membasmi kemiskinan dalam kalangan orang Melayu
di Terengganu. Sehubungan dengan itu, penyelidikan ini mengkaji dan meneliti
dasar, pelaksanaan, serta kesan ekonomi pertanian ke atas orang Melayu di
Terengganu semasa penjajahan British dan pendudukan Jepun di negeri Terengganu
sebelum tahun 1956. Selain itu, penyelidikan ini juga menganalisis pelaksanaan
dasar-dasar tersebut dalam tempoh Rancangan Malaya Pertama hingga Rancangan
Malaysia Kelima (1956-1990) serta mengukur pencapaian pelaksanaan dasar
membasmi kemiskinan di Terengganu sepanjang tempoh Dasar Ekonomi Baru
(DEB). Maklumat dan statistik daripada sumber pertama dan kedua, termasuk
pelbagai laporan dan dokumen kerajaan, temu bual serta sumber-sumber lain
digunakan untuk membuktikan dapatan penyelidikan ini. Penyelidikan ini mendapati
bahawa pelaksanaan dasar-dasar ekonomi pertanian oleh agensi-agensi kerajaan dan
dasar pembasmian kemiskinan ke atas orang Melayu di Terengganu tidak mencapai
matlamat yang ditetapkan oleh kerajaan. Banyak kelemahan yang dikenal pasti
termasuk kelemahan dasar, agensi pelaksana dan sikap petani, penternak serta
nelayan itu sendiri yang membawa kegagalan dalam mencapai matlamat tersebut.
Namun begitu, pelaksanaannya dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup dan mengurangkan
kadar kemiskinan orang Melayu di Terengganu sehingga tahun 1990.
The Malaysian Five-Years Plan from the First Malaya Plan until the Fifth
Malaysian Plan (1956-1990) is the main catalyst in improving the standard of living
and eradicating poverty among the Malays in Terengganu. This research aims to
study in depth or comprehensively the policies, their implementation and also the
effects of the agricultural economy on to the Malays in Terengganu during the
British Colonization and the Japanese Occupation in Terengganu before 1956.
Beside that, this research not only analyzes the implementation of these policies from
the First Malaya Plan (1956-1990) but also measures the achievement of the
implementation of the policies which aim to eradicate the proverty among the
Malays in Terengganu throughout the National Economic Policy (NEP) period.
Information and statistics from the primary and secondary sources of various reports
and goverment documents, interviews and materials other sources are used to prove
this research. This research finds that the agricultural economic policies implemented
by the goverment agencies as well as the policies to eradicate poverty among Malays
did not achieve their objectives. There are many weaknesses which have been
indentified that lead to the failure to achieve the desired goals such as some
deficiencies in the policies and the implementing agencies, beside the negative
attitude among the farmers, breeders and fishermen. Nevertheless it is undeniable
that there are some benefits from the implementation of those policies which managed to improve the standard of living in addition to reducing the proverty level
among the Malays in Terengganu until 1990.
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