Mustafa Ayasreh, Emad Abdallah
(2016)
Energy Security In Jordan’s Foreign Policy, 2003 - 2014.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Jordan mengimport lebih 97 peratus daripada keperluan tenaga negara dalam konteks ekonomi, politik dan kekangan sosial, terutamanya selepas kebanjiran pelarian dari negara-negara jiran dan gangguan bekalan gas asli dari Mesir yang disebabkan ketidakstabilan di Timur Tengah. Justeru, tesis ini mengkaji pendekatan politik yang diambil untuk menjamin keselamatan tenaga sepanjang tempoh 2003 - 2004. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah mengenal pasti kekuatan hubungan di antara dasar luar negera Jordan dan keselamatan tenaga, untuk menerangkan kesan kebergantungan terhadap sumber tenaga luar negara dan pengaruh pembekal tenaga terhadap dasar luar negara Jordan, di samping mengenal pasti peranan dasar luar negera Jordan dalam menangani isu keselamatan tenaga. Analog Institutionalisme Neoliberal daripada kesalingbergantungan dan kerjasama memberikan suatu perspektif teori tentang cara memahami permasalahan ini. Oleh itu, suatu reka bentuk kajian kualitatif digunakan dan asas empirik daripada kajian terdiri daripada sebelas sesi temu bual separa berstruktur dengan golongan elit dan dua kumpulan perbincangan berfokus. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada latar belakang akademik, politik, dan sosial. Kesemua data disokong dengan data rasmi yang diperoleh daripada pihak kerajaan. Data dianalisis dengan program perisian kualitatif Nvivo10.
Jordan imports more than ninety-seven percent of its energy needs within a context of economic, political, and social difficulties, especially after the influx of refugees from neighboring countries and the interruption of natural gas supply from Egypt due to the instability in the Middle East. Therefore, the political approach to achieve energy security over the period 2003 to 2014 is explored in this thesis. The primary objectives of the study are to identify the strength of the relation between Jordan’s foreign policy and energy security, to clarify the effect of dependence on foreign energy sources and the influence of energy suppliers on Jordan’s foreign policy, and to identify the role of foreign policy in addressing the energy security issues. The Neoliberal Institutionalism analogue of interdependence and cooperation offer a theoretical perspective on how to understand the problem. A qualitative study design was adopted, and the empirical basis of the study consisted of eleven semi-structured interviews with the elite, and two focus group discussions with participants in different academic, political, and social backgrounds, all supported by official data from the government. The data were analyzed by qualitative software program NVivo 10.
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