Najdi, Youhanna
(2015)
Oil Rents And Democracy In Iran
1997-2010: Re-Visiting The Rentier
State Theory.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Iran, negara yang kaya dengan sumber tetapi mengalami masalah sistem
demokrasi yang amat teruk. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan mengkaji kesan daripada
pulangan minyak terhadap demokrasi di Iran, dalam tempoh 1997 – 2010. Justeru,
penulis meneliti semula teori kerajaan dan menerapkannya dalam keadaan semasa
di Iran untuk menjelaskan bagaimana kekayaan atau kemewahan minyak telah
membantutkan atau menghalang proses demokerasi di Iran. Satu penyelidikan
kualitatif dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kajian kes dan analisis
konteks. Data sekunder dikumpul daripada laporan rasmi kerajaan Iran dan juga
laporan daripada pertubuhan antarabangsa yang boleh dipercayai. Dalam seksyen
pertama kajian ini, terbukti bahawa Iran dapat dikategorikan sebagai negara
penyewa, berdasarkan definisi teori dan keperluan utamanya. Syer perolehan atau
pendapatan minyak dalam ekonomi Iran, peranan marginal daripada sistem
percukaian, dan pemilikan industri minyak diketengahkan dalam konteks ini.
Iran is a resource-rich country that severely suffers from a lack of democracy.
The purpose of the present research is to study the effect of oil revenues on
democracy in Iran from 1997 to 2010. In order to do so, the author re-visited the
rentier state theory and applied it to Iran’s present condition to explain how oil
wealth has hindered the democratization process in Iran. A qualitative research was
conducted using the case study approach and content analysis. The secondary data
was collected from official reports of the Iranian government as well as from reports
of reliable international organizations. In the first section of this study it is evidenced
that Iran can be categorized as a rentier state, based on the definition of the theory
and its vital requirements. The share of oil income in Iran’s economy, marginal role
of taxation system, and government ownership of the oil industry were highlighted in
this context.
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