Ong , Joo Lee
(2004)
The State Of Health Of Malaysian Managers.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Satu elemen genting dalam pencapaian Wawasan 2020 Malaysia ialah tenaga
pekerja yang sihat. Akan tetapi, terdapat kekurangan maklumat tentang taraf
kesihatan pengu'rus di Malaysia. Oleh yang demikian, objektif kajian ini ialah untuk
mengisikan jurang yang ada dengan maklumat as as tentang isu dan faktor-faktor cara
hidup penting yang menyumbang kepada tahap kesihatan fizikal dan mental pengurus
di Malaysia.
Model penyelidikan ini direkabentukkan untuk mengkaji bagaimana keempat
pemboleh ubah utama, iaitu: sejarah keluarga, tabiat cara hidup kegiatan fizikal dan
diet, jenis personaliti AlB dan persekitaran kerja mempengaruhi kesihatan fizikal dan
mental pen gurus di Malaysia. Peringkat kesihatan fizikal diukurkan melalui peringkat
kekuatan fizikal yang meningkat daripada aktiviti fizikal terancang, indeks jirim
badan (BMI), bilangan lawatan ke doktor dan cuti sakit akibat kurang sihat.
Peringkat kesihatan mental diukurkan melalui peringkat kecemasan psikologi akibat
ketekanan kerja. Data dikutip dengan kegunaan borang soalselidik yang diedarkan
dan dikutip balik oleh penyelidik sendiri. Responden terdiri daripada mereka yapg
memegang jawatan penyelia ke atas dan bekerja di Pulau Pinang. Keputusan kajian
ini memmjukkan bahawa melebihi 80% pengurus di Malaysia kekurangan bersenam
dan hanya 45% mempunyai indeks jirim badan (BMI) yang sempurna, iaitu: antara 19
hingga 23. Pada keseluruhannya, lebih kurang 50% pengurus mempunyai peringkat
kesihatan fizikal di bawah tahap yang diperakukan. Secara umumnya, pengurus
wanita mempunyai indeks jirim badan (BMI) yang lebih rendah dan lebih sihat secara
fizikal berbanding dengan pengurus lelaki.
A healthy workforce is an essential element for Malaysia to achieve Vision
2020. However, there is a dearth of information on the state of health of Malaysian
managers. The objective of this study, therefore, is to fill this gap by providing some
baseline information on the issue and the salient lifestyle factors contributing to the
level of physical and mental health of Malaysian managers.
The research model is designed to attempt to find out how the four major
independent variables of familial history, lifestyle habits of physical activity and diet,
personality type AlB and the work environment impact the physical and mental health
of Malaysian managers. Physical health level was measured by the physical fitness
level arising from regular physical activities, body mass index, the number of visits to
the doctors and days off work due to illness. Mental health level was measured by the
level of psychological distress resulting from job stress. Data was collected using selfadministered
questionnaire distributed and collected from respondents working in
organizations sited in Penang. Respondents were required to be in control of
subordinates and holding managerial positions of supervisors upwards. Results of the
study showed that over 80% of Malaysian managers under-exercise and only 45% are
within the ideal BMI range of 19 to 23. Overall, approximately 50% of managers are
below the recommended level of physical health. Generally, female managers have
comparatively lower BMI and are physically healthier than their male counterpart.
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