Flafel, Hamza Mohamed M (2025) An Integrated Herbicide Remediation System Utilizing Modified Biochar From Palm Kernel Shells And Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes). PhD thesis, Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut.
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Abstract
Herbicide contamination in aquatic environments poses significant environmental and public health risks due to the persistence, mobility, and toxicity of these chemicals. Traditional remediation methods often lack efficiency, sustainability, or cost-effectiveness, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-modified biochar derived from palm kernel shells (pks), exploring its adsorption performance for herbicides and assessing its role in biochar-assisted phytoremediation.To achieve this, an integrated system utilizing biochar modified with melamine, in combination with the wetland plant eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), was developed for the remediation of three commonly used herbicides: diuron, paraquat, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) in aqueous solutions. The modified biochar (pks-bm) underwent comprehensive characterization, including proximate and elemental analysis, x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), brunauer-emmett-teller (bet) analysis, particle size distribution, scanning electron microscopy (sem), and transmission electron microscopy (tem). These analyses confirmed enhanced adsorption properties, with a high bet surface area, a mesoporous structure, and significant nitrogen content due to melamine doping, outperforming powdered palm kernel shells (ppks) and biochar activated solely by koh (pks-b).
| Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T1-995 Technology(General) |
| Divisions: | Pusat Pengajian Teknologi Industri (School of Industrial Technology) > Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mr Hasmizar Mansor |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Jun 2026 00:57 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jun 2026 00:59 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/64397 |
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