Salleh, Siti Farhanah Mohd
(2020)
Phytochemical screening and natural killer cells immunomodulation effects of pereskia bleo leaves extract on cervical cancer cells.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Pereskia bleo is a leafy and edible plant, locally known as 'Pokok Jarum Tujuh
Bilah" which has anti-cancer properties. This study purposed to elucidate the
underlying mechanism of this plant as anti-cancer in inducing cell death as well as to
evaluate its immunostimulatory effects on Natural Killer cells (NK cells) as a potential
additional anti-cancer effect. In this study, the leaves of P. bleo were extracted using
propenyl) and hexadecanoic acid. PBEA exhibited the lowest IC50 value (14.37 ± 8.40
μg/ml) indicated the strongest cytotoxic effect selectively on cervical cancer cells
(HeLa). The cell cycle analysis showed inhibition of cell proliferation at G0/G1 phase
in PBEA treated HeLa cells as evidenced by a significant accumulation of the cells at
this phase (P<0.05). Morphological examination on PBEA treated HeLa cell showed
the presence of fragmented nuclei and condensation of chromatin while apoptosis was
detected in the Annexin V/PI assay. Analysis of apoptotic proteins revealed a
significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, p53 and caspase-3) while
downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (P<0.05) in PBEA treated HeLa cells.
Meanwhile, NK cells proliferation at 24 h was found significantly increased compared
to 48 h and 72 h of PBEA treatment (P<0.05). Apoptosis of HeLa cells was markedly
increased in PBEA treated NK cells from cancer patients. This extract also enhanced
granzyme B and IFN-
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