Items where Division is "Kampus Kejuruteraan (Engineering Campus) > Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam (School of Civil Engineering) > Monograph" and Year is 2021

Monograph

Abdullah, Fatin Huwaina (2021) An Experimental Investigation On The Performance Of The Modified Connection Of Overhang Roof Steel Cladding Subjected To Static Load. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Adnan, Raja Asyraf Azizan Raja (2021) Rock Mass Surface Roughness Characterization Using Image Analysis Technique. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Adzly, Shafiq Ikhsham (2021) Analysis Of Motorcyclists’ Risk Perception Based On Cognitive Mapping Technique A Case Study Of Batu Kawan Industrial Park (Bkip), Pulau Pinang. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Ahmadi, Asma' (2021) Rock Mass Discontinuity Characterisation Using Image Analysis. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Akramah, Hamzah Atef (2021) The Impact Of Uplift Forces On The Connection Of Steel Cladding For Rural Houses In Malaysia. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Alias, Ahmad Danish Ab (2021) Microstructural Characteristic Of Lateritic And Marine Clay Soil. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Alias, Noorul Atikah (2021) Artificial Batik Wastewater Treatment Using The Integration Method Of Electrocoagulation And Ultrasonic. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Andrew, Lee Kwan Yee (2021) Application Of Hec-Ras Hydrodynamic Flood Modelling For River A Study Case Of Bertam Valley, Pahang. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Angeline, Debbie Annabelle (2021) A Study On Practices Of Solid Waste Disposal In Different Countries. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Azhan, Wan Nur Arisya Najwa Wan Zainal (2021) Biological Degradation Of Empty Fruit Bunch With Biosurfactants And Palm Oil Mill Effluent Sludge By Composting. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Azhar, Aqilah (2021) Spatial And Temporal Analysis Of Heavy Metals Distribution In Sungai Perai. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Azli, Shahrul Amin Saifol (2021) Critical Factors For The Effective Safety Management System Of Construction Project Sites In Perak. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Azman, Intan Halawati Syamimi Nor (2021) Soil Characteristics Using Borelogs Database For Penang Island. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Bahtar@Mokthar, Siti Musliha (2021) Influences Of Green Building Technology(Gbt) Adoption On Community Resilience In The Context Of Covid-19 Pandemic. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Bakar, Mohd Faiz Abu (2021) Assessment Of Traffic Noise Level And Traffic Composition In Kulim, Kedah. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Chan, Hor Kuan (2021) Determining The Effects Of Risky Riding Behavior On Gap Acceptance Of Right-Turning Motorcyclists From Minor Roads At T-Junctions. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Chan, Yi Zhe (2021) Evaluation Of Crack On Arch Structures Using The Digital Image. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Chan, Ying Wei (2021) Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Cheah, Yue Yeou (2021) A Systematic Review Experimental And Numerical Studies Of Fire Influence On Lateral Resistance And Buckling Performance Of Cold Formed Steel Sections. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Ching, Meng Xuan (2021) Influence Of Treated Recycled Aggregates As Partial Aggregate Replacement On Properties Of Concrete. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Chong, Jia Wei (2021) Calibration And Validation Of Vissim Simulation A Case Study Of Priority Bus Lane. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Devarajan, Devandran (2021) Study On Mechanical Properties Of Node And Internode From Different Parts Of Gigantochloa Ligulata Bamboo. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Fadzil, Muhammad Luqman Mohd (2021) Bio-Delignification Pre-Treatment Of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Oil Palm Frond (Opf) And Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) A Review In Biofuels And Biogas Processing. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Faudzi, Liyana Mohd (2021) Nutrient Removal Of Tropical Bioretention System In Treating Polluted Runoff A Pilot Study. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Fazir, Syafiqah Mohd (2021) Improvement Of Efb Lignocellulosic Degradation, Organic Matter And Compost Quality With Natural Zeolite. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Fuad, Khairul Ikhwan Mohd (2021) Evaluation On The Properties Of Aggregate Subjected To Elevated Temperature Using Ncat Ignition Oven And Asphalt Mix Performance. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Goh, Chin Sin (2021) Evaluation Of Slope Stability Due To Earthquake And Rainfall Occurrences. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Gusman, Muhammad Hashim Habibie Arif (2021) Biochar Amendment On Palm Oil Biomass Effect On Physicochemical Properties And Fibre Degradation. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Halili, Ummi Zulaikha Ahmad (2021) Compliance Of Thermal Comfort Parameters Within Students’ Dormitory, Residental And Pusat Islam Engineering Campus, Usm Based On Industry Code Of Practice On Indoor Air Quality (Icop) 2010. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Hamim, Nur Syafiqah (2021) Rainfall - Runoff Modelling For The Batu Kurau River Basin Using Hec-Hms Model. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Ibrahim, Nur Asyraf (2021) Removal Escherichia Coli From Sewage Using Combination Of Electrocoagulation And Ultrasonic Method. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Jamaludin, Kamal Safwan (2021) Analysis Of Walking Velocity Of Pedestrian Walking Through Angled-Corridor Based On Spatial Trajectories – A Bidirectional Scenario. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Jamil, Nurainin Hafizah (2021) Laboratory Assessments For Conventional And Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Mixtures To Enhance Pavement Performance. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Johari, Aida Syazwani (2021) Study Of Effluent Water Quality Index From Pig Farming Area In Kampung Selamat, Pulau Pinang. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Johnny, Wong Hing Kiong (2021) The Key Critical Factors Towards Time Delay During The Construction Of Building And Infrastructure Projects In Sarawak. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Kabir, Nur Asyikin (2021) Analysis Of Motorcyclists’ Risky Behavior While Performing Safety Training With Safety Riding Training (Srt) Simulation. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Kamal, Nurdinie Ienani Md. (2021) A Study Of Flow Characteristics On Hydraulic Physical Model Of Tawau Dam Spillway. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Kamarudin, Ahmad Afif (2021) Assessment Of Sedimentation Process At Kenyir Dam River Using Hydraulic. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Khazali, Aliff Izuddin (2021) Oxygen Uptake Rate As An In-Situ Indicator For Shock Loading Event At Sewage Treatment Plant. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Khor, Cheng Yi (2021) Influence Of Oil Palm Fiber And Steel Fiber Inclusion On Properties Of Concrete. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Khor, Hao Zhe (2021) Numerical Modelling Of Air Bubbles In Artificial Riffle Zone Using Flow-3d. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Khor, Yong Yee (2021) A Computational Study On Structural Behaviour Of Surfaces With Curved Fold Lines. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Ko, Jiunn Xuan (2021) Analysis Of The Staggered Crossbeam Of Pier Designed Based On Deep Beam Design Concept. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Lam, Wen Siang (2021) Cultivation And Sporulation Of Bacillus Species In Self Healing Concrete A Systematic Literature Review_Lam Wen Siang. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Lee, Wen Si (2021) The Evolving Trend Of Zeolite Applications In Water, Wastewater, And Leachate Treatment In Past 40 Years (1980-2020). Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Lee, Yin Tung (2021) Modelling Sustainable Urban Stormwater System In Diamond City Using Swmm. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Lee, Yip Yong (2021) Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (Lnapl) Vertical And Lateral Migration Behaviour Due To Fluctuating Groundwater Table. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Lee, Zhi Zun (2021) Engineering Properties Of Asphalt Mixture Modified With Cup Lump Rubber. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Lekha, S. Balakrishnan (2021) Covid-19 Influences On The Productivity Of Construction Projects. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Li, Bai Hao (2021) A Study On The Flow Characteristic In The Artificial Riffle Zone. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Lim, Yi Ping, Eveline (2021) Cost Considerations For Reinforced Concrete Office Building In Malaysia Incorporating Seismic Design. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Low, Phak Ho (2021) A Systematic Literature Review On Magnesium Oxide As Expansive Agent In Self Healing Concrete. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Low, Yan May (2021) Effect Of Surface Geometry And Pretension Level On Vibration Of Tensioned Membrane Structures. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Malek, Siti Norshafiqah Aini Abd (2021) Finite Element Analysis Of Bridge Girder Retrofitted By A Post-Tensioned Technique. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Malek, Siti Norshafiqah Aini Abd (2021) Finite Element Analysis Of Bridge Girder Retrofitted By A Post-Tensioned Technique. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Manan, Faten Nur Diyana Abdul (2021) A Systematic Review Of Green Roof Technology Using Coco Peat As A Substrate. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Manogaran, Thiennieesh (2021) A Study Of Flow Characteristics Along The Hydraulic Physical Model Of Kenyir Dam Spillway. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Marzuki, Kamal Khairi Ahmad (2021) Improvement By Using Antifouling On Retaining Wall. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Mohamed, Areeg Yasser (2021) Study On The Mechanical Properties Of Two Species Of Bamboo (Gigantochloa Ligulata And Gigantochloa Scortechinii) A Systematic Literature Review. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Mok, Tai Han (2021) Characterizations Of Bio-Asphalt Using Palm Bio-Oil From Empty Fruit Bunches And Beta Carotene. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Mokti, Nur Syazliana Abd (2021) Noise Level Assessment In Engineering Campus Of Universiti Sains Malaysia A Comparison Before And During Covid-19 Pandemic. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Ng, Shi Kin (2021) Exploring The Potential Of Saw Dust As Internal Curing Agent In Concrete Subjected To Different Curing Conditions. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Nyandau, Shaneez Christie (2021) The Influence Of Palm Oil Fuel Ash And Metakaolin On The Strength Of Concrete And Crack Resistance Of Reinforced Concrete Beam A Review. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Ooi, Jun Hao (2021) Determination Of Seismic Vulnerability Assessment By Using Rapid Screening Method Through Web-Based Application. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Phua, Hui Chi (2021) Trends And Gaps On New Emerging Pollutants (Neps) In Landfill Leachate Over The Past 10 Years (2010-2020). Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Rabie, Mohamed Samir Mohamed Kamel (2021) Application Of Fa-Ggbs Geopolymer As An Alternative Adsorbent For Heavy Metals Removal. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Radzi, Fatin Nadia Mohamad (2021) Impact Of Covid-19 On Construction Industry From Contractor’s Perspective. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Ramli, Muhammad Azlan (2021) Limestone As Green Roof Media For Harvested Rainwater Improvement. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Razali, Wan Ahmad Asyraf Wan Mohd (2021) Changes In Pm2.5 Levels After Covid-19 Outbreak In Malaysia. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Rodzey, Muhamad Zulfatah Izham Muhamad (2021) Coatability And Bonding Characteristics Of Asphalt Binders Modified With Alkylamines-Based And Polyalkylene Glycol-Based Bonding Promoters. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Rohaizad, Khairun Neesa (2021) Treatment Of Leachate Landfill By Adsorption Using Charcoal Waste From Acetylene Gas Production. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Roslan, Nur Aina Mohd (2021) Assessment Of Heavy Metal Pollution Within Downstream Of Perak River Basin Using Qual2k Modelling. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Rosli, Fatin Norliana (2021) Plant Study Of Portulaca Grandiflora In Green Roof Application For Rainwater Harvesting. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Saad, Nur Afiqah Ahmad (2021) Pollutant Removal Performances Of Tropical Wetland Plants In Treating Domestic Wastewater Using Mesocosm Studies. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Sabri, Nurul Arisya Shuhada (2021) Heavy Metal Removal From Semiconductor Industry Wastewater A Review On Ion Exchange Process Using Resin. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Saleh, Afza (2021) Public Opinion Toward Green Infrastructure On Buildings For Sustainable In Parit Buntar And Sungai Jawi. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Saleh, Nor Liyana (2021) Application Of Azadirachta Indica Leaves As Natural Coagulant For Kitchen Wastewater Treatment. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Salim, Muhamad Shazarul (2021) A Systematic Review Experimental And Numerical Studies On The Mechanical Properties Of Cfs Section At Elevated Temperature And After Cooling Down. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Sankar, Siveraj (2021) Coconut Fibre As Stormwater Filters In Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems: A Systematic Review. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Shee, Tian Hao (2021) Assessing Motorcyclists Risky Riding Behaviour At Three-Legged Stop-Controlled Junctions. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Sukri, Nurin Syazwina (2021) Ground Improvement By Using Geosynthetics In Slope W. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Syahrunnizar, Nur Afiqah (2021) Hydraulic Efficiency Of Gully Inlets, Curbs And Combination Inlets A Systematic Review. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Tarmizi, Siti Suhaila Mohd (2021) Integrated Electrocoagulation-Ultrasonic Method For Organic Matter Removal From Landfill Leachate. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Tee, Deng Wang (2021) Analysis Of The Rectangular And Circular Cylindrical Rc Elevated Water Tank Design According To Eurocode. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Teo, Ka Meng (2021) Soil Capillary Depression In Lnapl Contaminated Soil Due To Fluctuating Groundwater Table Studies. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Tiew, Keyue (2021) Compressibility Behaviour Of Nibong Tebal Clay Treated With Cement-Caltite Stabilizer. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Toh, Wei Jian (2021) Cost Comparison For Non-Seismic And Seismic Design Of A Rectangular Building Structure Located On Different Soil Types Based On Malaysian Annex. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Tracy, Wong Leh Xin (2021) Characterization Of Hydrophobic-Treated Recycled Paper Mill Sludge In Bituminous Materials. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Wong, Jia Hui (2021) Seismic Performance Of A Double-Storey Prefabricated Cold-Formed Steel Structure As Post-Disaster Temporary Housing. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Wong, Qi Min (2021) Bioretention Modelling Using Music Software For Urban Runoff Treatment Under Tropical Climate A Case Study In Universiti Sains Malaysia. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Wong, Qi Min (2021) Vulnerability Assessment Of Telecommunication Steel Tower Subjected To Seismic Excitation. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Yuzaile, Yushafika Roshaini (2021) Gis-Based Soil Erosion And Sediment Transport Modelling Of Perak River Basin. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Zain, Wan Mohd Nainunis Wan Md (2021) Comparison Of Traffic Noise Level Assessment Between Industrial Areas, Residential Area And Construction Areas In Ipoh, Perak. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Zaki, Mahani Mohamad (2021) Assessment Of Heavy Metal Pollution Within Downstream Of Perak River Basin Using Gis Mapping. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)

Zuki, Nurfatin Mohd (2021) Shading Effects On The Physical Parameter Related To Thermal Comfort In A Hostel Room And Residential House. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted)