Ram Bheesham, Ram Bheesham (2024) Prevalence Of Cardiovascular Disease Among Tuberculosis Patients And Treatment Outcomes In Penang, Malaysia. PhD thesis, Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut.
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Abstract
Worldwide load of tuberculosis and cardiovascular disease (cvd) is extensive in developing countries. There is a contributive relationship between tuberculosis infection and cvd disease. Monocytes or macrophages, lymphocytes, and cytokines involved in cellular-mediated immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis are also the main operators of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular arteries. This retrospective study, conducted at penang general hospital, malaysia from january 2023 to july 2023, aimed to assess the prevalence of cvd among tb patients, explore associated risk factors, evaluate pharmacotherapy outcomes, and analyze mortality rates due to cvd within the tb population. A retrospective and descriptive research design was employed, focusing on tb patients without pre-existing cvd. This study was divided into two phases. Phase i involved the convenient sampling of 402 tb patient files, while phase ii utilized the purposive sampling of 657 deceased patient files from 2015 to 2022. Phase i findings revealed a significant prevalence of cvd among tb patients, with 10.2% developing cardiovascular complications.
| Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica > RS1-441 Pharmacy and materia medica |
| Divisions: | Pusat Pengajian Sains Farmasi (School of Pharmacy) > Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Mr Hasmizar Mansor |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Jun 2026 06:50 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Jun 2026 07:01 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/64307 |
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