Chandiran, Danesh (2025) In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tualang honey samples and purified 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia. (Submitted)
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Abstract
Aged tualang honey (ATH) remains a favoured choice due to its superior health benefits, despite many people being unaware that it contains elevated concentrations of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). This study aimed to assess the therapeutic properties of TH samples of varying ages (FTH, ATH-24 and ATH-48) containing natural HMF in comparison with purified HMF (HMF low, medium and high doses). The antioxidant property was evaluated through a DPPH radical scavenging assay to calculate IC50. Further, the antimicrobial activity of the TH samples was assessed based on the zone of inhibition by the agar well diffusion method. According to the findings, all TH samples demonstrated higher free radical scavenging activities (ATH-48 exhibited the highest) compared to purified HMF groups. The calculated IC50 values of TH samples were lower than the IC50 values of purified HMF, indicating their superior antioxidant potential. Apart from that, TH samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria. The greatest antimicrobial activity, indicated by the largest inhibition zone of each TH sample, was observed against S. aureus. ATH-24 has the highest antimicrobial efficacy with better zones of inhibition for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared to FTH and ATH-48. Purified HMF groups demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant effects without any antimicrobial activities. Taking all data together, ATH-24 with a medium level of HMF demonstrated good antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. As we uncover the advantages of TH samples containing natural HMF, these findings suggest that HMF may synergistically enhance the antioxidant effects in TH samples but not the antimicrobial effects. This study contributes to expanding new insights in apitherapy research
| Item Type: | Monograph (Project Report) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | In vitro |
| Subjects: | R Medicine R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine |
| Divisions: | Kampus Kesihatan (Health Campus) > Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan (School of Health Sciences) > Monograph |
| Depositing User: | MUHAMMAD AKIF AIMAN AB SHUKOR |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Nov 2025 02:46 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Feb 2026 07:49 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/63335 |
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