Nazri, Ameer Izzuddin Muhamad (2025) Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia among older adults with low socio-economic status (SES) in Kelantan. Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
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Abstract
The functional status of older individuals is known to be negatively impacted by significant changes in body composition that come with ageing, such as a progressive loss of strength and decline in muscle quality and muscle mass. The present study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia among older adults with low socio-economic status (SES) in Kelantan. A total of 292 participants aged 60 years and above were recruited from five districts, namely as Tumpat, Pasir Mas, Bachok, Kota Bahru and Machang. The participants were grouped into three groups: non-sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia/sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia using Asian Working Group Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 classification. The data collected were sociodemographic, anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness, dietary intake, cognitive function, food insecurity, anorexia of ageing and social support. All the participants were required to perform assessments such as anthropometry, body composition test, blood pressure and muscle strength test via hand grip strength and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test via balancing test, gait speed test, and chair stand test. Besides, all participants were required to answer a few questionnaires, namely the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE), Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) and diet history questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was conducted using binary logistic regression with sarcopenia status as the dependent variable (no sarcopenia and a combination of probable, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia). Findings showed that the prevalence of no sarcopenia, combination of probable sarcopenia/definitive sarcopenia as well as severe sarcopenia were 6.8%, 74.7%, and 18.4% respectively. In this study, non-sarcopenia subjects had the highest prevalence of overweight (50.0%) and the greatest waist circumference (87.5±14.3 cm) as compared to the other groups (p<0.001). Anorexia of ageing was significantly the highest among older adults with severe sarcopenia (55.6%) as compared to possible sarcopenia/sarcopenia (48.9%) and non-sarcopenia (20.0%). Prevalence of poor cognition was higher in the severe sarcopenia (87.3%), followed by the sarcopenia group (86.2%) and lowest in the normal group (73.4%). The result of this study has shown that the possible sarcopenia/sarcopenia group has the highest intake of sugar (23.7(23.8) g/d) but the lowest intake of vitamin C (54.1(55.6) mg/d) based on their dietary recall. Multivariate analysis showed that higher gait speed (95%CI: 1.681; 12.760; p=0.003) and longer sit-to-stand time (95%CI: 1.603; 6.159; p<0.001) significantly increased the risk of sarcopenia. Conversely, higher vitamin C intake reduced the risk (OR: 0.983; 95%CI: 0.970;0.997; p=0.018), while increased sugar intake raised the risk of sarcopenia (OR: 1.085; 95%CI: 1.008; 1.167; p=0.029). These findings suggest the importance of promoting physical fitness and a healthy diet, particularly increasing vitamin C-rich foods and reducing sugar consumption. Future interventions should focus on developing nutrition and exercise programs aimed at preventing sarcopenia among older adults
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | sarcopenia |
| Subjects: | R Medicine R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine > RA1001 Forensic Medicine. Medical jurisprudence. Legal medicine |
| Divisions: | Kampus Kesihatan (Health Campus) > Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan (School of Health Sciences) > Thesis |
| Depositing User: | MUHAMMAD AKIF AIMAN AB SHUKOR |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Nov 2025 08:02 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Nov 2025 08:41 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/63169 |
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