Wan Salleh, Wan Nor Syafiqah (2023) Proportion and factors associated with brought-in-dead (bid) among covid-19 mortality in Kelantan from 2020-2022. Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
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Abstract
Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to many deaths, and BID cases among COVID-19 mortality indicate the local outbreak's severity and the virus's community spread. However, the factors linked to BID cases in COVID-19 mortality remain unclear. Objectives: To determine the proportion of BID and factors associated with BID among COVID-19 mortality in Kelantan from 2020 to 2022. Methodology: A retrospective record review of anonymous data was conducted in November 2022 using secondary data obtained from the COVID-19 Mortality Database, Kelantan State Health Department for the period from March 2020 to December 2022. Total of 1255 death cases was selected for descriptive analysis and regression analysis. Simple and multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the factors associated with BID among COVID-19 mortality in Kelantan. Results: A total of 1,255 deaths were recorded due to COVID-19, with 356 cases (28.4%) classified as Brought-In-Dead (BID) and 899 cases (71.6%) as inpatient deaths. The average age at diagnosis for COVID-19 mortality cases was 67.44 years old (SD: 15.2), with 652 cases (52.0%) being female and 603 cases (48.0%) being male. Among these cases, the Malay ethnic group accounted for 1,195 cases (95.2%), and the majority of these cases, totaling 1,231 (98.1%), were Malaysian individuals. In the BID cases, the largest proportion consisted of individuals aged 60 and above (n=283, 79.5%), followed by the 18-59 age range (n=71, 19.9%). Majority of these BID cases were from the Malay ethnic group (n=334, 93.8%). It is worth noting that the majority of these BID cases were in Pasir Mas (90, 25.3%), followed by Tumpat (n=52, 14.6%) and Pasir Puteh (n=50, 14.0%). The majority of COVID-19 deceased individuals were not vaccinated (n=746, 59.4%). Among BID cases, a higher percentage were unvaccinated (n=222, 62.4%) compared to those who completed vaccination (n=108, 30.3%) or had incomplete vaccination (n=26, 74.1%). Most BID cases presented with symptoms (n=293, 82.3%) and had comorbidities (n=264, 25.0%). The majority of BID cases were classified as Category 2 (n=156, 43.8%), not related to COVID-19 clusters (n=337, 337%) and had no travel history (n=255, 71.6%). The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed BID cases were significantly associated with presence of comorbid (Adj. OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.89, 3.73; p<0.001), not related to COVID-19 cluster (Adj. OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.20, 4.01; p=0.011), being asymptomatic (Adj. OR: 9.17; 95% CI: 5.20,16.17; p<0.001) and categorized as Cat 1 at diagnosis (Adj. OR: 4.99; 95% CI: 2.90,8.59; p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, BID had a significant impact on COVID-19 mortality in Kelantan, adding to the burden faced by the state. To mitigate the risks, it is crucial to ensure accessible healthcare facilities, enhance home quarantine monitoring, educate about warning signs, and expand testing capabilities.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | COVID-19, brought-in-dead |
| Subjects: | R Medicine R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine |
| Divisions: | Kampus Kesihatan (Health Campus) > Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan (School of Medical Sciences) > Thesis |
| Depositing User: | MUHAMMAD AKIF AIMAN AB SHUKOR |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Oct 2025 02:06 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Nov 2025 04:36 |
| URI: | http://eprints.usm.my/id/eprint/62937 |
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