Rosli, Nur Deanna
(2016)
Investigation of genuine and fake
malaya historical banknotes using
video spectral comparator and
chemometric techniques.
Project Report.
Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(Submitted)
Abstract
Investigation on banknote authentication is an interesting subject in forensic
document examination. The existence of counterfeit banknote in line with their
circulation in the market could badly impact the economy of a country. Historical
banknotes which are artefacts and considered as collectible items are prone to
counterfeiting with advanced printing technology today. Thus, this study aims to help in
reducing and prevent fraud crime through discrimination of genuine and fake historical
banknotes by VSC and chemometric techniques. In this study, old Malaya money which
was Banana notes since the Japanese era were used. Simulated samples were produced
using four different printing techniques namely HP Laser, Compaq inkjet, Ricoh
photocopy and commercial CDH printing. Both genuine and simulated samples were
compared using Leica stereomicroscope and VSC under different light sources.
Observation under stereomicroscope showed a better printing quality produced on the
genuine samples as compared to all simulated samples. Under different light sources by
VSC, all samples showed different reaction towards different light sources. PPMC and
PCA were conducted on chromaticity data (colour measurement) generated by VSC
during spectral analyse. For PPMC, CDH printing, HP Laser and Ricoh photocopy
produced ink colour of high correlation with the ink colour of genuine samples. PCA
results revealed that banknotes printed at commercial printing house, CDH were
clustered in a closer vicinity to genuine notes. Additionally, PCA also showed good
clustering of samples with most of the banknotes are grouped according to their printing
methods. In conclusion, genuine and fake historical banknotes could be discriminated
using VSC and chemometric techniques, contributing positively to detect fraud crime,
especially when dealing with this kind of artefact.
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