Isa, Muhammad Nura
(2023)
Development Of Pofa Based Geopolymer Concrete Activated With Wood Ash Lye Incorporating Timber Clinker Aggregate.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Cement manufacturing has led to excessive carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission into the atmosphere, which has contributed to global sustainability challenges. Moreover, huge amount of industrial waste like palm oil fuel ash (POFA), wood ash (WA), and timber clinker aggregate (TCA) landfilled in our environments coupled with the use of naturally occurring rocks for aggregate are also a negative factor for the global sustainability. Amidst these sustainability challenges of cement production, waste management, and the use of naturally occurring rocks emerges the technology of geopolymer concrete. The development of geopolymer concrete has gained recognition in recent years as innovative and alternative construction material. However, using aggressive chemicals like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as alkaline activator and oven curing has limited it to laboratory research only. The current study strived to answer the research questions on the effectiveness of using WA lye as alkaline activator to replace NaOH and also the utilization of TCA as coarse aggregate in geopolymer concrete at the ambient temperature. The investigation began with the optimization of liquid binder (L/B) and alkali activator ratio (AAR) using varying L/B and AAR ratio. Then specimens with GGBS as a partial replacement of POFA from 0% to 40% were produced with the view to optimize the GGBS content. TCA was optimized by producing POFA: GGBS geopolymer concrete with 0% to 100% TCA at 20% increment as partial replacement of natural aggregate.
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