Jiao, Yijuan
(2023)
Factors Influencing The Roles
Of Environmental Ngos In The Bargaining Of P-xylene And Water Issues In Yunnan, China.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs) have an increasingly significant influence on the environmental governance process through various awareness and negotiation activities, but there is still a lack of a comprehensive understanding of their involvement in environmental bargaining (EB). This study aims to investigate the role of ENGOs in EB and the influencing factors of their role by combining EB and stakeholder theories. A mixed-methods research design involving an in-depth questionnaire survey, a semi-structured interview, document review, and participant observation was used to gain a more complete picture of the research context. A structural equation model of ENGOs' participation in EB was constructed to compare the role of ENGOs in the negotiation of the "Kunming PX Event" and the "Nujiang Water Event" in Yunnan, China. The results show that complex powers and interests play a crucial role during EB. The relationship network, media, and human resources are among the most significant factors influencing the role of ENGOs out of all the other factors such as funding, openness, knowledge, scale, and experience. The strength of ENGOs’ relationship networks is critical to solving environmental problems. In order for the roles of ENGOs to be effective in the EB process, they need to be placed in the right context in the negotiation process. It is necessary to establish efficient public participation platforms and processes for effective EB.
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