Ann, Lee Sien Sut
(2023)
Instrument Development And Assessment Of Handwriting Difficulties Among Primary School Students In Penang.
PhD thesis, Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut.
Abstract
This study explores the profile of Malay handwriting difficulties among
primary school students. Malay handwriting assessment tools were used to collect
the data from this targeted group. The embedded correlational mixed-method
approached was employed in this study. This design embedded a qualitative
component within a quantitative design. To answer the research questions, two selfdeveloped
Malay handwriting assessment tools were developed to access children’s
Malay handwriting performance (MyHA) and the markers related to Malay
handwriting (MyHM). Both tools were developed based on an assessment tool
developmental framework. Both tools went through content validity and test-retest
reliability check for quality check. Data collected from the tools were used to create
the profile of handwriting difficulties. 42 students from national primary schools in
the Penang Island were recruited for this study using the mixed-method sampling
scheme. These students (21 males and 21 females), aged between seven to twelve
years were screened through MyHA and MyHM for their Malay handwriting
performance and the related markers of handwriting. Proficient (n=17) and nonproficient
(n=25) handwriters were identified based on the MyHA. Non-proficient
handwriters were those reporting the scores of handwriting performance below the
cut-off criteria.
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