Norli, Mohamad Syahmi Iskandar
(2015)
Analysis of total coliform and escherichia
coli (e. coli) in freshwater and marine
bivalves.
Project Report.
Pusat Pengajian Kesihatan.
(Submitted)
Abstract
Bivalve molluscs commonly associated with many foodborne disease outbreaks. Total
coliform and E. coli are always being used as microbial indicator to determine fecal pollution
level in bivalves and water quality status. The objective of this study is to analyze the
presence of total coliform and Escherichia coli in selected freshwater bivalves and marine
bivalves. In this study, two freshwater bivalves: blood cockle (Anadara granosa) and Asian
clam (Corbicula fluminea) were selected while two marine bivalves involved in this study
were oysters (Crassostrea spp.) and carpet clam (Paphia textile}. Microbiological analyses
conducted through were conventional rapid test method by using 3M Petri film E.
co/z'/Coliform Count Plate. All samples were analyzed in term of raw or fresh sample and
cooked with different time interval. Results of these analyses showed that all raw samples
were contaminated with total coliform and E. coli. Total coliform and E. coli were also found
in lightly cooked bivalves (5 and 10 minutes cooking time) and not in fully cooked bivalves
(15 and 20 minutes cooking time) except for Anadara granosa and Paphia textile. Corbicula
fluminea identified as most contaminated bivalves as compared to other samples. In
conclusion, raw and lightly cooked bivalves are highly contaminated with pathogenic
bacteria and unsafe for human consumption. In order to reduce and eliminate number of
bacteria, bivalves must be cooked thoroughly with proper cooking temperature and method.
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