Goon, Rozita
(2011)
A study to determine association of
pattern of calcifications in CT scan and
staging of retinoblastoma in Hospital
University Science Malaysia.
UNSPECIFIED thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
A study to determine the association between pattern of calcification in CT scan and staging of
retinoblastoma in Hospital University Science Malaysia(HUSM). Retinoblastoma is one of the most common intraocular malignancy in children under 15
years old. About 80% of cases occurs in patients under 3 years old. The incidence varies form
countries to countries. In United States of America, it occurs in 1 of every 15000 live birth. Most
incidence of retinoblastoma is unilateral, bilateral involvement is seen in approximately 30% of
cases and it is detected earlier. Physical and radiological examination helps in diagnosing
retinoblastoma. CT scan of the orbit is one of the important tools in diagnosing retinoblastoma.
Intraocular calcification can be detected in about 80% of the CT scan of orbit. Many researches
have been performed since 1980s to determine association between intraocular calcification in
retinoblastoma with prognosis and size of the tumour. The aim of study is to determine the
association between intraocular retinoblastoma in CT scan and staging in Hospital Universiti
Sains Malaysia (HUSM). To determine frequency of intraocular calcification in retinoblastoma and association between
the pattern of calcification with histopathological examination, clinical data and staging. This was a retrospective descriptive study. The age of patients were ranged from 0 to 7
years old. 23 patients with 24 involved eyes were included in this study during the study period
from January 2003 until July 2010. All patients had undergone pretreatment CT scan of the orbit
and enucleation. The CT scans were performed using GE Lightspeed Plus with contiguous
1.25mm orbital slice in axial projection. A repeated examination was done after intravenous
injection of contrast medium Omnipaque (300 mg iodine/ ml). From these, coronal images were
reformatted through the orbits and oblique sagittal images were reformatted through the optic
nerves. Characteristic of calcification on CT scan images which were presence of calcification,
size, site and Hounsfield Unit of calcification were recorded. CT scan images were reviewed via
GE Centricity PACS- IW (Intregrated web) version 3.71. Histological findings which were
presence of calcification, size, site of tumour and optic nerve involvement were recorded.
History of presenting illness, family history, demographic data and clinical classification were
sought form medical record and recorded. Association between characteristic of calcification and
histological findings, clinical data and staging were determined. There was 95% intraocular CT calcification seen in retinoblastoma in this study. There was significant association between presence of calcification on CT and presence of calcification on
HPE(p=0.042). There was also significant association between presence of HPE calcification and
CT calcification site(p=0.016). Significant association noted between CT calcification size and
strabismus(p=0.035). Although presence of calcification on CT scan was used as a criteria to diagnosed retinoblastoma especially in children younger than 3 years old, there is no significant association between patterns of the calcification with staging in retinoblastoma.
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