Amin, Anis Ayuni
(2015)
A preliminary study of the effects of REM sleep deprivation
on oxidative stress markers and vascular endothelium in
animal model.
Project Report.
Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(Submitted)
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the factors involved in the development of endothelial
dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is known to precede cardiovascular diseases;
however the pathogenesis is poorly understood. Insufficient sleep has been shown to
be associated with cardiovascular disease. The main aims of this study are to assess
the serum levels of oxidative stress markers and to assess the morphological changes
in vascular endothelium following REM sleep deprivation. Twenty four (24) male
Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into three groups: free-moving control
rats (FMC), 72-h REM sleep-deprived rats (REMsd) and tank control rats (TC). The
rats were deprived from REM sleep using inverted flowerpot technique. Serum levels
of oxidative stress markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde
(MDA) were measured using ELISA kits. Thoracic descending aortas were examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sleep deprived rats showed a significant reduction in body weight compared to controls despite no significant changes in the food consumption between the groups. There were no significant differences in the levels of SOD and MDA between the groups. The endothelium of REMsd group demonstrated a rough surface, dilatation of intercellular clefts and derangement of endothelial cells. There were also numerous fibrin networks with rich interlacing
and trapped red blood cells. The endothelium appeared smooth with regular
arrangement of the endothelial cells in FMC and TC groups. The present study
suggests that REM sleep deprivation induced endothelial dysfunction that
demonstrated by its structural damage. The endothelial damage might activate
coagulation factors with subsequent fibrin formation. Excessive generation of fibrin
leads to thrombosis and this study suggests that sleep disturbance is a potential risk factor in development of cardiovascular diseases. As there were no significant
changes in the SOD and MDA, further studies are needed to identify other oxidative
stress markers or other factors that might induce endothelial dysfunction.
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