Hamid, Mohd Khazran
(2020)
Prevalence and risk factors of preoperative deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fractures.
Masters thesis, Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan.
Abstract
Introduction
Hip fractures are common in the elderly population after a fall. Consequently, they are at a high
risk of developing complications such as venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis
(DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), which may cause significant morbidity and mortality.
To date, there are no local data regarding the prevalence of DVT before surgery in elderly
patients with hip fractures and risk factors associated with it. This study aimed to establish the
prevalence of DVT in elderly patients following a hip fracture in the local population and
evaluate the risk factors for the occurrence of preoperative DVT in this population.
Materials and methods
This research is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 91 patients with a history of hip
fracture and received treatment in HUSM from January 2014 to November 2019. Patient
screening was conducted via the PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems)
system and the patients’ medical records. Patients with hip fractures and had ultrasound
Doppler of lower limb one day before surgery were selected. All selected risk factors, including
demographic data information was then recorded in a study proforma. Data were entered in
Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS version 26.0.
Results
The overall prevalence of preoperative deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients with hip
fracture was 5.4 %. The mean duration of immobilisation in DVT patient is 18.4 days. None
of them received Enoxaparin as prophylaxis. Two out of five DVT patients had underlying
malignancy.
Conclusion
Preoperative DVT prevalence is relatively low (5.4 %) in elderly patients with hip fracture in
this study, which may be contributed by precautions taken to prevent DVT in this population.
The critical risk factors for DVT development were the duration of immobilisation, types of
DVT, prescribed prophylaxis and malignancy.
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