Asri, Nur Ain Mohd
(2021)
Evaluation of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. calyx
as cardioprotective agents.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly Myocardial Infarction (MI), are the
leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Hypercholesterolaemia increased
the risk of developing CVD. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) has been used
traditionally to reduce cholesterol levels. However, there is limited evidence of the
plant's cardioprotective effects. The present study evaluated the effects of the aqueous
extract of H. sabdariffa calyx (AEHS) on hypercholesterolaemia-myocardial
infarction (HC-MI) rats. The proximate analysis was conducted to determine the
nutritional composition of a self-made high-cholesterol diet (HCD). There are three
phases in the animal study. The first phase (induction phase) was aim to develop an
HC rat model using HCD for 6 weeks. The second phase (intervention phase) was to
evaluate the effects of 30 days of AEHS treatment on body mass index (BMI), fasting
blood sugar (FBS), fasting cholesterol (FC) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the
rat. The third phase is where isoprenaline induced the myocardial infarction in rats
(HC-MI) at day- 29 and 30. Although the cholesterol level was normal in HC-MI rats,
there was a fatty change in the liver (steatosis). The HC-MI rat was also established
based on raised cardiac troponin T level and the necrotic changes on the left ventricle
tissue. However, AEHS did not significantly improve the parameters in the
intervention phase. Moreover, AEHS did not reduce the cardiac troponin T
significantly compared to the untreated-HC-MI, which is concurrent with the histology
of the left ventricle. However, RFT and LFT were normal in AEHS-treated HC-MI.
Collectively, further studies are needed to elucidate H. sabdariffa as a cardioprotective
agent.
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