Nor, Muzaliha Mohamed
(2010)
A study on visual acuity and visual skills
among presumed slow learners in primary
school in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
The issues of slow learner have become a matter of increasing personal and public
concern. In ability to read and write is a major obstacle to learning and may have social
and economic implications. Those students who experience learning difficulties may also
experience a treatable visual difficulty in addition to their primary learning difficulties. To detennine the visual acuity and visual skills among presumed slow learners in primary
schools in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. We also studied the possible association between visual
acuity and visual skills. A school based cross sectional study carried out from January 2009 to April 2010.
Multistages cluster sampling was performed on all primary schools in Kota Bharu.
Ocular examinations were carried out in all selected students. Visual acuity and visual
skills were measured in 1010 students (average 9.5 years) in 20 primary schools.
Participating students had been identified by their school teachers as presumed slow
learners. Standard visual skills test and published norms were used. Majority of the students (96.5%) had good visual acuity in both eyes. There were only
4.5% of the students had visual impainnent. The main cause for poor visual acuity was
due to refractive errors. There were 7.8%, 3.3% and 2.0% of the students had bilateral
myopia, astigmatism and hypennetropia respectively. Most of them were undiagnosed
and untreated before. Divergence skills and saccadic tracking skills were the most
affected visual skills in this study population. Near point of convergence, convergence
skills, accommodative amplitude and accommodative facility were still good. There was
statistically significant association between the level of visual acuity and the level of
convergence break and accommodative facility. There were no statistically significant
association noted between the level of visual acuity and the level of convergence
recovery, divergence break and recovery, amplitude of accommodation and saccadic
tracking skill. The results showed large numbers of the presumed slow learner students had poor visual
skills but less numbers of poor visual acuity. There were statistically significant
association between the level of visual acuity and the level of visual skills.
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