Ridzuan, Fakhitah
(2021)
Protein Anti-microbial Potential Of The Skin Secretion Of Human Commensal And Forest Edge Frog (Anuran) Species From Langkawi Archipelago.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Amphibians are the most diverse terrestrial vertebrates and are essential for conserving the environment since they act as biological indicators. Furthermore, frogs were one of the primary sources of bioactive compounds for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. A total of 24 species of amphibians from six families were documented within Langkawi Archipelago. The 95% confidence rarefaction species accumulation curve of amphibian species within the Langkawi Archipelago reaches a plateau, shows that all species are found in this study with the effort invested. Compared to previous studies, the absent species in this study were Ingerophrynus parvus, Limnonectes malesianus, Occidozyga lima, Raorchestes parvulus, Rhacophorus bipunctatus, and Amolops larutensis. Moreover, an additional species was recorded- Pulchrana laterimaculata. Non-Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis of amphibian habitat assemblage categorised these 24 species into eight groups according to their habitat preference and forest assemblage. For protein anti-microbial composition analysis, a medium-sized adult individual of each species- Odorrana hosii, Pulchrana glandulosa, Chalcorana labialis, and Hylarana erythraea, were collected from their natural habitat. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), these frogs’ skin secretions were collected, extracted, and analysed for their protein compounds using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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