Siti Musyrifah, Ismail
(2008)
Effects of various jumping exercises on vertical
force distribution and emg pattern
in school children.
Masters thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of 9 weeks of training based
on various jumping exercises on vertical force distribution and EMG pattern in
school children. Forty school children (12 male and 28 female) aged between 13 to
17 years participated in this study. Subjects were divided evenly into 3 experimental
groups: Group 1 (training based on jumps), Group 2 (training based on hops), Group
3 (training based on box drills) and a control group - Group 4. Intervention
programme had been administered on the experimental groups for 9 weeks. During
the 1st three weeks, the subjects were exercising once a week, followed by 3 weeks of
exercising twice a week with last 3 weeks exercising thrice a week. No intervention
programme was administered to the control group. Subjects were evaluated before,
after 3 weeks (mid-test 1), 6 weeks (mid-test 2) and 9 weeks (post-test) in counter
movement jump (CMJ), continuous jump with bent legs (CJb) and drop jump (DJ)
with registration of jumps' characteristics and EMG. As a result, all intervention
groups showed significant improvement in jump height and power within group
between tests (p<0.001). By CMJ test, hop training brought highest improvements in
jump height (27.9%) (p<0.001) and power (9.70%) (p<O.OOl), whereas box drills
training improved force ( 15.5%) from pre-test values. Meanwhile by CJb test, jumps
training brought the highest improvement in jump height (23.7%) (p<O.Ol) and
power (13.8%), whereas force was improved the most by box training (34.9%) from
pre-test. By DJ test, the highest improvement in jump height and power was brought
by box drills training (27.9% and 19.6% respectively). Force improved 18.8% under
the influence of jumps training. There were no significant differences in the EMG
peak amplitude and mean power frequency at muscle gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior
in all types of jumping exercises. Muscle activation patterns differed in eccentric and
concentric phases of the testing jumps. Suggested training programmes, can be used
as a conditioning programmes for volleyball and basketball players, track and field
athletes specialising in vertical and horizontal jumps, they brought in significant
improvement in jump characteristics.
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