Ting, Zhao Jing
(2021)
A Review On Nutritional Composition And
Heavy Metal Content In Malaysia
Aquaculture Products.
Project Report.
Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(Submitted)
Abstract
Malaysia aquaculture industry had shown rapid development correlating to the rising
demand of fisheries products. Aquaculture products form a nutritious part in human
diet with its balanced composition of proteins, lipids, fatty acids, vitamins and
minerals. This research aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition and heavy
metal content in Malaysia aquaculture products. Nutritional composition of 18
aquaculture products, including 10 finfish, 3 crustaceans, 2 molluscs, and 3 seaweeds
from freshwater and brackishwater were determined. All selected species had high
protein content (12.02–23.0%) except seaweeds. However, seaweeds had the most
carbohydrates content (41.52–66.66%) among all species. Freshwater species
consisted of more omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than brackishwater
species but omega-3 PUFAs in brackishwater species were greater than most
freshwater species due to high eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid contents.
Omega-6/omega-3 ratio of all species was modest (0.23–6.94) except for red tilapia
(10.18). Vitamin content in all species were minimal except for snapper having high
vitamin D3 content (10.2 μg/100 g). Shellfish contained significant amounts of
calcium (52–142 mg/100 g) while freshwater finfish contained high amount of
phosphorus (200 mg/100 g). Meanwhile, brackishwater shellfish and seaweeds were
rich source of iron (5.09 mg/100 g) whereas brackishwater finfish were a rich source
of iodine. In terms of heavy metal content, arsenic was found higher in
brackishwater fish (0.74 – 4.52 μg/g) than freshwater fish (0.02 – 1.07 μg/g) but the
highest was found in seaweeds (4.47 μg/g). Regardless of the location of aquaculture
sites, all lead content of green mussel (2.51–7.98 μg/g) exceeded the permissible limit (0.5–2 μg/g). Shellfish showed considerably higher heavy metal content,
particularly copper and lead, than all other selected species. No species were
identified to have exceeded the permissible limit for mercury.
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