Sabbah, Ahmad Tawfiq S.
(2021)
Multi modality intervention infection control (MIMIC) on knowledge and practice among critical care nursing staff in Hospital USM.
PhD thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Abstract
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are a crucial health problem with significant impacts on healthcare sector worldwide. Studies that focused on the implementation of a multi-modality module tailored to critical care nurses are very limited. The aim of this study was to to determine the Healthcare-Associated Infections prevalence and impact of “Multi-Modality Intervention Infection Control” module on knowledge and practice among critical care nursing staff in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. This study was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved a retrospective record review to assess the prevalence of HAIs. In addition, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the infection control system applied. The second phase focused on developing a multi-modality intervention infection control using the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), as well as validating the developed module using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). The third phase consisted of a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study to assess the impact of the developed module. The one-year prevalence of HAIs was 5.84%. In addition, the infection control system assessment identified the areas for improvement. The developed module, which includes three interventions: an infection control education program, an infection control monitoring system, and an infection control supporting environment, was validated by a seven-expert panel. The adult critical care nurses’ knowledge and practice levels were assessed in two points in time: immediately before and three months after intervention (n=121); the pre-intervention assessment revealed that 96.7% of the respondents had a fair level of knowledge, with a mean score of 18.68 out of 30 (SD= 2.255) and 95% CI [18.27, 19.08]. And 79.3% of the respondents had a fair level of practice, with a mean score of 8.79 out of 15 (SD= 1.449) and 95% CI [8.53, 9.05]. The post-intervention assessment showed that 86% of the respondents had a good level of knowledge, with a mean score of 25.83 out of 30 (SD= 2.151) and 95% CI [25.44, 26.21]. And for the practice level, 62% of the respondents had a fair level, with a mean score of 10.83 out of 15 (SD= 1.564) and 95% CI [10.55, 11.11]. The one-way repeated measures ANOVA results indicated a significant improvement in knowledge scores, F(1, 120)= 632.679, p < .001, ηp2= .844. And a significant improvement in practice scores, F(1, 120)= 113.089, p < .001, ηp2= .492. In conclusion, this study contributed to the development of a comprehensive module of integrated interventions that have proven to improve the adult critical care nurses’ knowledge and practice toward HAIs prevention and control. And also helped to provide evidence on the advantage of the IM protocol, SCT, and FDM in developing and validating infection prevention and control interventions.
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