Zaidi, Raja Nurzafirah Atiqah Raja
Effect of music on running performance among recreational runners: a scoping review.
Other.
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(Submitted)
Abstract
Introduction: Music is one of the many mediums that can stimulate the mood, emotion,
and improve atmosphere. These days, music is easily accessible through gadgets such as
smartphones, MP3 and MP4s, and also through applications such as YouTube and
Spotify. Many research has been done on the effect of music on performance among
professional athletes. This review aimed to provide a synthesis from previous studies on
effect of music on running performance among recreational runners. Methods: A
comprehensive search of academic journals on this topic published from 2015 until
2021 was conducted. A total of 9 truly eligible studies were selected from 239 studies
screened from electronic databases which included EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Scopus,
and SpringerLink. Results: Fives studies investigated the effect of music on running
cadence. Two studies reported that running cadence in music condition is higher than no
music condition. Three studies also reported that running with high tempo music
resulted in higher running cadence compared to running cadence in slow tempo music.
One study reported that females has higher running cadence compared to males. In
addition, there were four studies reported on running speed. Two studies reported that
there is no effect in running speed, even though there is music stimulus. However, a
study reported there is an effect in running speed in music condition compared to no
music condition, and another study reported running speed is higher with high music
tempo compared. In addition, a study reported running speed is higher when listening to
asynchronous music. A study also reported a faster running behaviour when participants
were not instructed to match the tempo of music. Next, two studies reported on step
length and running distance. A study reported step length is larger in uninstructed
condition while another study reported step length and running distance increases when
running to synchronized music. Three studies reported on heart rate, perceived exertion,
blood lactate, and total time effort. All study found no difference on heart rate reading
in no music condition and with music condition. One study reported on an increment of
total time effort in music condition. One study reported an increase in rating of
perceived exertion after anaerobic threshold intensity when running in music condition.
While two other studies reported a lower rating of perceived exertion when listening to
music and listening to synchronized music condition. A study reported on blood lactate
and found an increment in blood lactate after anaerobic threshold intensity when
running in music condition. Finally, one study reported on arousal and feelings and
found that arousal score is higher in music condition, as well as feelings were more
positive in music condition.
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