Mustafa, Muhammad Alif
(2021)
Effects of environmental temperature on psychophysiological responses during high intensity interval exercise.
Other.
Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
(Submitted)
Abstract
There is a growing interest among researcher to investigate the influences of highintensity
interval exercise (HIIE) on physiological [heart rate (HR)] and psychological
(affect, perceived exertion and enjoyment) responses in adults as both factors play a
significant role to facilitate health and future exercise adherence in adult. However, it
is unclear whether environmental temperature can give an impact on these responses
during HIIE in adult. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of
different environmental temperature on psychological and HR responses during HIIE.
A total of twelve participants (N =12, 7 males and 5 females, Mean ± SD; age 22.7 ±
0.7 years) from Health Campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia were recruited.
Participants completed all four visits throughout the study with a minimum at least 48
hours rest between each visit. The first visit (pre-test measurements and
familiarization) was to measure anthropometric variables, established maximal aerobic
speed (MAS) and maximal heart rate (HRmax) and familiarization of experimental
protocol. For the second visit until last visit, participants performed HIIE consisting of a
3-minute warm-up at 5.0 km.h-1 followed by 8 repetitions of 1 minute work intervals at
90% maximal aerobic speed (MAS) determined from the incremental test to
exhaustion. The work intervals from each condition were interspersed with 75 seconds
active recovery at 4 km.h-1. 2 minutes cool down at 5.0 km.h-1 was provided after each
condition. Psychological responses consisting of affective valence
(pleasure/displeasure feelings), enjoyment and perceived exertion were measured
before, during and after each exercise conditions. Tympanic temperature (ear
thermometer: Microlife 1R1DB1, Switzerland) also measured before, during and after
each exercise conditions. Participants performed the exercise session on motorisedtreadmill (h/p/cosmos mercury med 4.0, Germany) at the same time of the day to
minimise the effects of diurnal biological variation. The results for heart rate shows that
there was no significant condition by interval interaction or main effect of condition
(P=0.39). However, there was a significant difference in ΔHR responses between
conditions (P=0.02). There was a significant condition by interval number interaction
effect (P< 0.05) for tympanic temperature. Specifically, H-HIIE elicited greater
tympanic temperature at work interval 2 to 8, but no significant difference was found
between R-HIIE and C-HIIE (all P>0.53, ES<0.21). Furthermore, FS showed a
significant condition by interval number interaction for FS (p<0.05). Specifically, H-HIIE
elicited lower FS at work interval 5 to 8 (all P<0.01, all ES> 0.57), but no significant
difference was found between R-HIIE and C-HIIE (all P>0.54, ES<0.19).Next, FAS
showed no significant condition by interval number interaction effect (P=0.96), but
there was a main effect of time (P<0.01) for FAS. RPE reported a significant condition
by interval number interaction effect for RPE. Specifically, H-HIIE elicited greater RPE
at work interval 5 to 8 (all P<0.001, H-HIIE vs R-HIIE, ES=1.45 to 2.10), but no
significant difference was found between R-HIIE and C-HIIE (P>0.34, ES<0.15). In
conclusion, the present study indicates that both psychological and physiological to
HIIE are influence by the environmental temperature in adult
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